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chemistry
C1
Atoms and ions
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Cards (27)
What are all things made up of?
Lots of tiny particles called
atoms
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How many atoms does a single cell contain?
More than
100 trillion
atoms
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What is the basic structure of an atom?
A
central nucleus
surrounded by
electrons
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What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?
Both have a relative mass of
one
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How does the mass of electrons compare to protons and neutrons?
Electrons are
2000
times
smaller
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What charge do protons have?
Positive charge
of
+1
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What charge do neutrons have?
No charge, they are
neutral
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What charge do electrons have?
Negative
charge of
-1
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How can you remember the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Protons are
positive
, neutrons are
neutral
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What is the typical radius of an atom?
About 0.1
nanometers
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What is mostly empty space in an atom?
The area between the
nucleus
and
electrons
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How does the size of the nucleus compare to the atom?
The nucleus is
10,000
times smaller
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What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
It becomes an
ion
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What is a negative ion?
An atom with more
electrons
than
protons
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How is a one minus negative ion formed?
By gaining one
extra
electron
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What is a positive ion?
An atom with more
protons
than
electrons
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How is a one plus positive ion formed?
By losing one
electron
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What does the periodic table represent?
Different types of
atoms
called
elements
Each box represents a unique element
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What does the elemental symbol represent?
It
represents
a
specific
element
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What does the atomic number indicate?
How many
protons
an atom has
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Why is the atomic number important?
It determines the
element type
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How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number
minus
atomic number
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How many neutrons does oxygen have if its mass number is 16?
8
neutrons
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How many neutrons does lithium have if its mass number is 7?
4
neutrons
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How many electrons does an atom have if it has 8 protons?
8
electrons
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How many electrons does an atom have if it has 3 protons?
3
electrons
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