Atoms and ions

Cards (27)

  • What are all things made up of?
    Lots of tiny particles called atoms
  • How many atoms does a single cell contain?
    More than 100 trillion atoms
  • What is the basic structure of an atom?
    A central nucleus surrounded by electrons
  • What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
    Protons and neutrons
  • What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?
    Both have a relative mass of one
  • How does the mass of electrons compare to protons and neutrons?
    Electrons are 2000 times smaller
  • What charge do protons have?
    Positive charge of +1
  • What charge do neutrons have?
    No charge, they are neutral
  • What charge do electrons have?
    Negative charge of -1
  • How can you remember the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
    Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral
  • What is the typical radius of an atom?
    About 0.1 nanometers
  • What is mostly empty space in an atom?
    The area between the nucleus and electrons
  • How does the size of the nucleus compare to the atom?
    The nucleus is 10,000 times smaller
  • What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
    It becomes an ion
  • What is a negative ion?
    An atom with more electrons than protons
  • How is a one minus negative ion formed?
    By gaining one extra electron
  • What is a positive ion?
    An atom with more protons than electrons
  • How is a one plus positive ion formed?
    By losing one electron
  • What does the periodic table represent?
    • Different types of atoms called elements
    • Each box represents a unique element
  • What does the elemental symbol represent?
    It represents a specific element
  • What does the atomic number indicate?
    How many protons an atom has
  • Why is the atomic number important?
    It determines the element type
  • How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
    Mass number minus atomic number
  • How many neutrons does oxygen have if its mass number is 16?
    8 neutrons
  • How many neutrons does lithium have if its mass number is 7?
    4 neutrons
  • How many electrons does an atom have if it has 8 protons?
    8 electrons
  • How many electrons does an atom have if it has 3 protons?
    3 electrons