Ionic bonding

• What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?

  Ionic bonds
• How are ions formed from atoms?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons
• What happens to a sodium atom to form a sodium ion?

  It loses one electron
• What charge does a sodium ion have after losing an electron?

  One plus
• Why does a sodium atom need to lose an electron?

  To achieve stability with a full outer shell
• How does chlorine form a chloride ion?

  It gains one electron
• What charge does a chloride ion have after gaining an electron?

  One minus
• What happens to sodium and chlorine during ionic bonding?

  Electrons transfer from sodium to chlorine
• What is the significance of the opposite charges of ions in ionic bonding?

  They attract each other to form compounds
• What is the force that holds ionic compounds together?

  Ionic bond
• How do dot and cross diagrams represent ionic bonding?

  Electrons are shown as dots or crosses
• What should you include to show electron movement in dot and cross diagrams?

  An arrow
• What is typically shown in a dot and cross diagram?

  Every electron shell of the atoms
• How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)?

  • Draw magnesium with two outer electrons.
  • Draw two chlorine atoms with seven outer electrons each.
  • Show electron transfer from magnesium to each chlorine.
  • Represent magnesium as a Mg²⁺ ion and each chlorine as Cl^- ion.
  • Arrange ions as they would be in a real compound.
• How many chloride ions are formed from one magnesium atom in magnesium chloride?

  Two chloride ions
• What is the general rule for electron movement in ionic bonding?

  Electrons move from metal to non-metal
• How are ions arranged in a dot and cross diagram involving more than two ions?

  Like they would be in a real compound
• What is the final arrangement of chloride ions in relation to magnesium in magnesium chloride?

  On either side of magnesium
• What are the key features of a dot and cross diagram?

  • Electrons represented as dots or crosses.
  • Arrows show movement of electrons.
  • Can show all electron shells or just outermost.
  • Ions are arranged as in real compounds.