1.7 Equilibria + acid base reactions

• What is a reversible reaction?

  A reaction that can go in either direction
• What is established in a closed system during a reversible reaction?

  A dynamic equilibrium
• What is the rate of the forward and backward reactions in a dynamic equilibrium?


  They are the same
• What is the position of equilibrium?

  The proportion of products to reactants
• What does Le Chatelier's principle state?

  The position of equilibrium shifts to minimize change
• How does changing conditions affect the position of equilibrium?

  It changes the proportion of products to reactants
• What three factors influence the position of equilibrium?

  Concentration, pressure, and temperature
• What effect does a catalyst have on equilibrium?

  It decreases the time to reach equilibrium
• What happens to the position of equilibrium if the concentration of a reactant is increased?

  It moves to the right, forming more products
• How does increasing pressure affect the position of equilibrium?

  It moves to the side with fewer gas molecules
• What direction does the position of equilibrium move with an increase in temperature?

  In the endothermic direction
• What is Kc in terms of equilibrium?

  The equilibrium constant in terms of concentration
• What is the general form of the equilibrium expression for aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD?

  Kc = $\frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b}$
• What do square brackets signify in Kc calculations?

  Concentration in mol dm⁻³
• Are solids included in the expression for K?

  No, solids are never included
• What factors affect the value of K?

  Only temperature affects the value of K
• What is the unit of Kc?

  It can vary or have no unit
• What is an acid defined as?

  A proton (H+) donor
• What is a strong acid?

  Fully dissociated in aqueous solution
• How does the hydrogen ion concentration of a strong acid compare to its concentration?

  They are equal in magnitude
• What is a weak acid?

  Partially dissociated in aqueous solution
• How does the hydrogen ion concentration of a weak acid compare to its concentration?

  It is much smaller in magnitude
• What characterizes a concentrated acid?

  A large quantity of acid and small water
• What characterizes a dilute acid?

  A large quantity of water
• What does pH measure?

  The concentration of aqueous hydrogen ions
• what is the equation for pH?

  pH = -log[H+]
• what is the equation for H+ concentration [H+]?

  $\left[H+\right]=$$10^{-pH}$
• what is a base?

  proton (H+) acceptor