health and fitness

• health

  health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
• fitness

  the ability to meet the demands of the environment
• exercise

  exercise is a form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and fitness
• exercise is a good stress relief and is enjoyable.

  it can be a social activity - help to make friends and socialise
• performance

  performance is how well a task is completed.
• being unhealthy or unfit can affect your performance.
• 1. exercise can increase fitness. if your fitter you can exercise more.
  2. being fit will help you perform better.
  3. being in good health can help you perform well.
  4. keeping fit keeps you physically healthy.
  5. if you have poor health, it can negatively affect your fitness - e.g. if you cant train as much.
  6. exercise can improve your health. if your healthy you should be able to exercise more.
• explain how an athlete could have a high level of fitness, but still be unhealthy (2 marks):

  an athlete could train too much - (1 mark)

  this might give them a high level of fitness, but cause them to get injured. - (1 mark)
• explain why Zainab might not be classes as healthy, despite her high level of fitness (2 marks):

  she could have a high level of physical fitness, but still be unhappy or suffering from high stress levels. (1 mark)

  to be classified as healthy, Zainab would need to have a good state of emotional and social wellbeing, as well as being physically fit and healthy. (1 mark)
• Explain the roles of exercise , fitness and health in the performance of a sport's person(4 marks):

  Exercise improves individual components of fitness and overall fitness , which leads to an improvement in performance. (1 mark)

  It also improves physical health, which helps reduce risk of illness and injury. Being in good health allows a sports person to perform better. (1 mark)

  It also Let's them train more , which leads to performance gains. (1 mark)

  Exercise can improve emotional and social health, which will lead to better performances.As a sports person was will feel happier and more confident in their abilities. (1 mark)
• what stage of a 100m sprint requires a short reaction time?

  at the start of the race, when the starter pistol is fired.
• what component of fitness is least important for a marathon runner?

  agility
• what is body composition?

  body composition is the percentage of body weight made up of fat, muscle and bone.
• what is balance?

  balance is the ability to keep the body's centre of mass over a base of support.
• when would a gymnast need good balance?

  to keep themselves stable on the beam.
• what component of fitness should you improve to address the tiredness in your arms?

  muscular endurance
• why is coordination important for a tennis player?

  coordination is the ability to use two or more parts of the body together, efficiently and accurately. (1 Mark)

  a tennis player needs good hand-eye coordination and to coordinate their arm and leg movements to move to the ball and hit a well-timed shot. (1 Mark)
• what components of fitness should you focus on for shot-put?

  strength

  power

  balance
• how would improving power improve performance in shot-put?

  throwing the shot with more power will mean that ben achieves a greater height with his throw, so it will travel further.
• how would improving balance improve performance in shot-put?

  the action in shot-put involves rotating to generate power. balance will help the person to control this rotation, so his throwing action will be smooth and coordinated.
• how can flexibility improve a golfers performance?

  the main action affecting a golfers performance is their swing. (1 mark)

  this can be improved by increased flexibility in the shoulders. (1 mark)

  which would allow the golfer to draw the club further back and to have a smooth swing through the whole range of motion at the shoulder. (1 mark)
• what is agility?

  agility is the ability to change body position or direction quickly and with control.
• why is agility important to a hockey player rather than a sprinter?

  because the hockey player needs to change direction to dodge round opponents.(1 mark)

  whereas the sprinter does not need to change direction because 100m takes place on a straight course.(1 mark)
• importance of cardiovascular fitness for a long jumper?

  good cardiovascular fitness means you can exercise the whole body for a long time. (1 mark)

  a long jumper only has to run for a short amount of time. (1 mark)

  so cardiovascular fitness is not the most important component of fitness for their performance. (1 mark)
• importance of power for a long jumper?

  power is the ability to do strength actions with speed. (1 mark)

  during a long jump, both the sprint up to the board and the take-off from the board requires lots of power. (1 mark)

  so power is one of the most important components of fitness for a long jumper. (1 mark)
• why does gymnastics require more flexibility than footballers?

  flexibility is important in football, for example when a player lunges to try and tackle someone (1 mark)

  however, many actions in gymnastics, like the splits, require lots of flexibility, therefore a gymnast requires more flexibility to perform well. (1 mark)
• evaluate weather cardiovascular fitness or strength is more important to an Olympic weightlifter?

  cardiovascular fitness means the heart and lungs can supply the muscles with oxygen so the body can exercise for a long time. a high level of CV fitness means the weightlifter could train longer and recover quicker between sets. a good level of CV fitness is important, as it will allow the weightlifter to train effectively and recover quickly. however, whilst it helps train more effectively, it cant directly improve a weightlifters performance.

  strength is the amount of force a group of muscles can exert against a resistance. a high level of strength is required for a weightlifter to be able to lift the heavy weights, and its a short duration, anaerobic event so cardiovascular fitness wouldn't help.

  strength is more important as it allows a large weight to be lifted and is therefore critical to their performance in a competition.
• bring fit means you are physically able to do whatever you want or need to do, without getting tired quickly.
• fitness helps with physical health, but you can have high level of fitness without necessarily being physically healthy - e.g. some athletes over-train and end up injured.
• mental and social well-being is also a part of being healthy, so if your always unhappy, then your not healthy.
• what is exercise?

  exercise is a form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or fitness.
• what is performance?

  performance is how well a task is completed.
• by exercising you can improve components of fitness and general physical health. as well as keeping you physically fit, exercise also helps with emotional and social well-being.
• exercise is a good stress relief and is enjoyable.

  exercise can be a social activity - e.g. joining a yoga class can help you make new friends or socialise with current ones.
• your level of health and fitness will affect your performance.

  your performance wont be as good if your unfit - e.g. in the second half of a football match you'll be tired and be less effective.

  being unhealthy also affects performance - if you have the flu, playing sport is going to be tricky.