Science

• The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body
• It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
• The heart acts as a pump, continuously contracting and relaxing to circulate blood
• Blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, form a network that carries blood to and from different parts of the body
• Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other waste products
• Helpful resources for learning more about the circulatory system:

  • Circulatory system - Wikipedia: Provides a comprehensive overview of the circulatory system, including surgical procedures and related topics
  • Circulatory System: Anatomy and Function - Cleveland Clinic: Offers detailed information on the anatomy, function, conditions, and care of the circulatory system
• • Circulatory System: Function, Organs, Diseases - Healthline: Provides information on the function, organs, and diseases related to the circulatory system, along with tips on how to keep it healthy
• • Circulatory system: Structure, function, parts, diseases | Kenhub: Provides interactive resources, diagrams, quizzes, and worksheets to learn about the structure, function, parts, diseases, and clinical relations of the circulatory system
  • Circulatory system | Functions, Parts, & Facts | Britannica: Offers insights into the functions, parts, and facts of the human circulatory system, as well as a comparison with other animals' circulatory systems
• Key components of the respiratory system:
• Nose and Nasal Cavity:

  • Act as the entry point for air
  • Help filter, warm, and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs
• Pharynx:

  • Muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx
  • Serves as a passage for both air and food
• Larynx:

  • Located just below the pharynx
  • Contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound when air passes through
• Trachea:

  • Tube made of cartilage rings that connects the larynx to the bronchi
  • Allows air to pass through and enter the lungs
• Bronchi and Bronchioles:

  • Trachea branches out into two bronchi, one leading to each lung
  • Bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which lead to alveoli
• Alveoli:

  • Primary sites of gas exchange in the lungs
  • Small, thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries
  • Oxygen enters the bloodstream through the alveoli, while carbon dioxide is removed and exhaled
• Diaphragm:

  • Dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity
  • Contracts and relaxes to cause the lungs to expand and contract during breathing
• The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide

  • Essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels and supporting bodily functions
• Plant cells have cell walls made up of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and vacuoles that store water and nutrients.
• Cellular respiration involves breaking down glucose molecules to release energy, producing ATP as an end product.
• Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms without nuclei or membrane-bound organelles, relying on DNA loops instead.
• Key components of the respiratory system:
• Nose and Nasal Cavity:

  • Act as the entry point for air
  • Help filter, warm, and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs
• Pharynx:

  • Muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx
  • Serves as a passage for both air and food
• Larynx:

  • Located just below the pharynx
  • Contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them
• Trachea:

  • Tube made of cartilage rings that connects the larynx to the bronchi
  • Allows air to pass through and enter the lungs
• Bronchi and Bronchioles:

  • Trachea branches out into two bronchi, one leading to each lung
  • Inside the lungs, the bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which lead to alveoli
• Alveoli:

  • Primary sites of gas exchange in the lungs
  • Small, thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries
  • Oxygen enters the bloodstream through the alveoli, while carbon dioxide is removed and exhaled
• Diaphragm:

  • Dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity
  • Contracts and relaxes to cause the lungs to expand and contract, playing a crucial role in the breathing process
• The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide

  • Essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels and supporting bodily functions