C1-Atomic Structure

• whats the radius of an atom?

  0.1 nanometres
• what is the charge of a nucleus?

  positive
• where is the mass of an atom concentrated?

  nucleus
• whats the relative mass of a proton?

  1
• whats the charge of a proton?

  +1
• whats the relative mass of a neutron?

  1
• whats the charge of a neutron?

  0
• whats the relative mass of an electron?

  very small
• whats the charge of an electron?

  -1
• why do atoms have no charge?

  they have the same number of electrons and protons
• whats the top number on the nuclear symbol?

  mass number
• whats the bottom number on the nuclear symbol?

  atomic number
• what does the atomic number tell you?

  how many protons there are
• what does the mass number tell you?

  total number of protons and neutrons
• how to find the number of neutrons?

  mass number - atomic number
• what is an element?

  a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons
• what are isotopes?

  different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
• formula for relative atomic mass

  sum of(isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundances
• what are compounds?

  substances formed from two or more elements
• what is ionic bonding?

  bonding between a metal and a non metal

  transfers electrons
• what is covalent bonding?

  bonding between non metals

  shares electrons
• what is a mixture?

  a substance containing two or more materials that are not chemically bonded to each other
• what are examples of mixtures?

  air

  crude oil
• what did JJ Thompson conclude about atoms?

  Plum Pudding Model

  atoms weren't solid spheres and suggested the atom was a ball of positive charge with electrons in
• what did Ernest Rutherford suggest?

  Alpha particle scattering experiment

  fired alpha particles at gold foil

  some particles deflected backwards by the nucleus, most passed through the empty space but also deflected

  suggested the plum pudding model was wrong
• what did Niels Bohr suggest?

  Nuclear Model

  suggested electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
• what did James Chadwick discover?

  the neutron
• how were elements arranged in the early 1800s?

  physical and chemical properties

  atomic weight
• how did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?

  put them in order of atomic weight but left gaps to make sure elements with similar properties stayed in the same groups and for undiscovered elements
• what do elements with similar properties form?

  groups
• what does the group number tell?

  how many electrons are in the outer shell
• in group 1 what happens to elements as you go down the group?

  react more vigorously
• in group 7 what happens to the reactivity as you go down the group?

  reactivity decreases
• what are properties of metals?

  strong

  malleable

  heat and electricity conductors

  high boiling and melting points
• what are properties of non metals?

  dull looking

  brittle

  poor conductors of electricity

  lower density
• what are group 1 elements?

  reactive soft metals
• what happens to group 1 elements as you go down the group?

  increased reactivity

  lower melting and boiling points

  higher relative atomic masses
• what happens to group 1 metals when they react with water?

  react vigorously and produce hydrogen
• what is produced when group 1 metals react with chlorine?

  metal chlorides and white salts
• what is produced when group 1 metals react with oxygen?

  metal oxides