Pre-Historic Architecture

• History of Architecture


  It is a record of man’s effort to build beautifully.
• History of Architecture


  It traces the origin, growth and decline of architectural styles which have prevailed lands and ages.
• Historic Styles of Architecture


  The method, characteristics, manner of design which prevailed at a certain place and time.
• Factors affecting the Styles of Architecture

  1. History

  2. Society

  3. Religion

  4. Geography

  5. Geology

  6. Climate
• Hunting and food gathering

  Neolithic or New Stone Age
• (8000 to 3000 B.C.)

  Neolithic or New Stone Age
• Construction System - large stones

  Megalithic structures
• Neolithic or New Stone Age (8000 to 3000 B.C.)

  Pre-Historic Architecture
• • No organized religion
  • Burial rituals and monuments

  Pre-Historic Architecture
• Materials - Animal skins, wooden frames, and bones

  Pre-Historic Architecture
• Hunting and food gathering

  Pre-Historic Architecture
• Orientation - Faces toward cardinal points

  Pre-Historic Architecture
• (monoliths) Single, large upright monolith

  Menhir
• sometimes arranged in parallel rows reaching several miles

  Menhir
• Several large stones capped with a covering slab.

  Dolmens
• Dolmens

  
• Menhir

  
• Organized groups of three stones, two vertical and a horizontal one at their top

  Trilithon
• A circle of monoliths / trilithons

  Cromlech
• enclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground in circular form (Most imposing example: Stonehenge, England – 2000 B.C.)

  Cromlech
• Trilithon

  
• Cromlech

  
• • (Passage grave)
  • An artificially constructed mound of earth raised over a tomb or sepulchral chamber.

  Tumulus
• Tumulus

  
• Natural and artificial caves

  Primitive Dwellings
• • A clochán
  • stone hut with a corbelled roof, commonly associated with the south-western Irish seaboard.

  Beehive Hut
• Beehive Hut

  
• a portable conical tent made of skins, cloth, or canvas on a frame of poles, used by North American Indians of the Plains and Great Lakes regions.

  Tepee
• Tepee

  
• a dome-shaped shelter, covered in bark or hides

  Wigwam
• Wigwam

  
• Hogan

  
• • dome-shaped buildings with log
  • covered with mud, dirt, or sometimes sod.

  Hogan
• a type of hut built from snow, mainly by Inuits

  Igloo
• • Caves
  • Temporary shelters
  • Permanent housing structures Formation of communities

  Early Dwellings
• • Earliest form of human settlement
  • Readily available; did not require time and effort
  • Strong and permanent

  Rock caves
• A cave in France containing pre-historic wall paintings and engravings of Paleolithic humans thought to date from c. 13,000-8,500 BCE. (UNESCO)

  Lascaux Cave
• Lascaux Cave

  
• An American Indian dwelling, usually of round or oval shape, formed of poles overlaid with bark, rush mats, or animal skins.

  Wigwam
• Built shelter

  • Temporary shelter: nomadic lifestyle (hunter- gatherer); built with limited investment in time and energy
  • Permanent dwellings: sedentary lifestyle; farming and domestication of animals
  • Designed in direct response to lifestyle, local materials, and climate.

  Pre-Historic Architecture