L11 Language pt. 2
Cards (12)
- Frequency effects:
- High frequency words are read more quickly than low frequency words
- Regularity effects: regular words read more quickly. This effect is only found for low-frequency words.
- What is surface dyslexia?Difficulty in reading irregular words, but fine with non words and regular words.
- What is phonological dyslexia?Difficulty in reading non words, but fine at regular and irregular words.
- What is deep dyslexia?Difficulty with non words, irregular words and regular words. However, better with high imageable than low imageable words. Often make semantic errors e.g. read the word pig and elephant
- What is orthographic knowledge?Visual knowledge of letters and words
- What is lexical knowledge?Word-level knowledge
- What is sub-lexical?Sub-word information e.g. individual letters or phonemes - graphemes/ groups of letters or phonemes - syllable
- What is a route?A connection between representations e.g. sub-lexical, lexical-phonological, lexical-semantic.
- What is the dual route model?Model of reading that suggests two pathways for word recognition: a fast, unconscious route (lexical route) and a slower, more conscious route (nonlexical route).
- Basic idea of the dual route model:
- Regular words can be read by all three routes.
- Irregular words can only be read by the lexical-routes
- Non words can only be read by sub-lexical grapheme-phoneme route.
- Naming speed and pronunciation is based on the route that finishes first.
- The model can account for the various acquired dyslexias:
- Surface dyslexia = damage to both lexical routes
- Phonological = difficulty in sub-lexical route
- Deep = patients can only read by the lexical-semantic route
- Horse race account of frequency:High frequency words - words are practiced often so are recognised by the lexical routes much quicker and there is no conflictLow frequency words - takes longer to read the word because of the conflict; the brain has to figure out the correct route.