PARA: FLAGELLATES

avatar
Created by
andramt

Cards (44)

  • Pathogenic
    1. Giardia lamblia
    2. Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Non-Pathogenic
    1. Chilomastix mesnili
    2. Trichomonas - Trichomonas tenax and Trichomonas hominis
  • Movement of the flagellates is accomplished by the presence of flagella in their trophozoite form.
  • Giardia intestinalis was discovered by Antoine van Leewenhoek in 1681; was first described by Lambl in 1859
  • Habitat of Giardia intestinalis - duodenum, jejunum, upper ileum
  • Giardia intestinalis trophozoite- Pyriform or teardrop shaped; pointed posteriorly
  • Giardia intestinalis trophozoite - Dorsal side is convex & ventral side is concave with a large adhesive disc used for attachment.
  • Giardia intestinalis trophozoite - Possess 4 pairs of flagella arising from the superficial organelles in the ventral side of the body.
  • Giardia intestinalis trophozoite divides by longitudinal binary fission and it is found in diarrheic stools.
  • Giardia intestinalis trophozoite resembling "badminton racket" or "owl face“.
  • Giardia intestinalis trophozoite has 2 nuclei, each with central karyosome and 4 pairs of flagella. It has a pair of "claw-shaped" median bodies.
  • Giardia intestinalis cyst has a football shape. Young cysts have 2 nuclei; mature cysts have 4 nuclei.
  • The cyst of Giardia intestinalis - The flagella are extracted into axonemes, the median body, and the deeply stained curved fibrils surrounded by a tough hyaline cyst wall secreted from condensed cytoplasm.
  • Incubation period when you ingest the cyst of Giardia intestinalis - 1 -4 weeks
  • In severe infection (Giardia intestinalis), there is malabsorption in the gut and debilitation of the host. (Steatorrhea)
  • Stool exam - demonstrates trophozoites and/or cysts.
  • Giardia intestinalis - falling-leaf like motility
  • TREATMENT for Giardia intestinalis: Metronidazole = 90% cure rate
  • Giardia intestinalis - Referred to causative parasite of Traveller’s diarrhea.
  • Trichomonas vaginalis causes sexually transmitted disease. First observed by Donne in 1836 in purulent secretions of male and female urogenital tracts (vagina, urethra, prostate, epididymis).
  • Habitat of Trichomonas vaginalis is in the: Urogenital tract (vagina, urethra, prostate epididymis).
  • Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite - Pyriform shaped possess 4 free anterior flagella that appear to arise from a simple stalk, and a fifth flagella embedded in the undulating membrane that extends about half the organism’s length.
  • Trichomonas vaginalis do not have a cyst stage
  • Trichomonas vaginalis has a median axostyle and single nucleus
  • Usual mode of transmission in having a Trichomonas vaginalis is by sexual contact
  • Trichomonas vaginalis has a tear drop shaped. Have an unduating membrane running about one-half of the body. Has a single nucleus. Axostyle is a characteristic of trichomonad.
  • Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women is frequently symptomatic.
  • The incubation period in having Trichomonas vaginalis is 5 to 28 days.
  • Clinical Features in Trichomonas vaginalis: In men, the infection is frequently asymptomatic; occasionally, urethritis, epididymitis, and prostatitis can occur.
  • Chilomastix mesnili: Habitat: duodenum, jejunum, upper ileum
  • Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite - Asymmetrical pear-shaped as a result of a spiral groove extending through the middle- half of the body.
  • Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite - Possess a characteristic rotary movement made by 3 anterior free flagella and a more delicate one within prominent cytostome.
  • Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite - Possess a well define cytostome seen on one side of the nucleus with both ends rounded and constricted middle part (hour glass shape)
  • Chilomastix mesnili cyst also called lemon-shaped cyst or “Nipple like” cyst
  • Trichomonas tenax lives in the tartar around the teeth, in cavities or carious teeth
  • Trichomonas tenax possess 4 free equal flagella, & a fifth one in the margin of an undulatingmembrane that doesn’t reach the posterior end of the body. Has a single nucleus
  • Trichomonas tenax - Note an undulating membrane running about two-thirds of the body
  • Trichomonas hominis - Habitat: Cecal area of the large intestines of humans and other primates
  • Trichomonas hominis possess 4 anterior flagella, & a posterior flagellum projecting from an undulating membrane.
  • Trichomonas hominis has a cytostome, and a nucleus are situated at the anterior end.