Government

• Key figures in Mary's government:

  • Lord William Paget: Reinstated as a knight of the Garter and appointed Lord Privy Seal
  • Bishop Stephen Gardiner: Restored to his Bishopric Chancellor and opened Mary's first parliament
  • Simon Renard: Imperial Ambassador of Spain in England, had high influence over Mary
• The Devyse meant what?

  Lady Jane Grey was declared Queen of England, Mary was furious and declared herself Queen and gathered supporters
• What opinion did the council have on Mary and Northumberland?

  Council left Northumberland due to unpopularity as a result of the Kett's rebellion, went to support Mary instead
• What did Northumberland do?

  Eventually declared Mary as Queen, signifying that the Devyse had failed
• What did Mary do after finally being declared Queen?

  Rode through the streets of London with her entourage on the 3rd of August 1553
• What were peoples opinions on Mary?

  Overjoyed to have a Catholic Monarch again
• What were negatives Mary faced as Queen?

  She met some resistance from those who though women weren't capable of ruling
• What was Mary's Childhood like?

  Lonely, she was pushed aside by her father and siblings
• What was the Oath of Supremacy for Mary?

  Threatened with beheading by her father if she did not sign
• What kind of kingdom did she inherit?

  Divided: Catholicism vs. Protestantism
• Who did she rely closely on and why?

  Her close advisors as she was undereducated on how to rule a country
• Specific people who she relied on? (incumbents - those already in power)

  Bishop Gardiner and Lord William Paget
• Who was Simon Renard?

  Ambassador of Spain in France and England, high degree of influence over Mary, promoted the Spanish Marriage
• How Many heretics did Mary burn at the stake?

  280
• What was she known as?

  Bloody Mary
• How many clergy were among those executed?

  25, including Archbishop Cranmer and other bishops (Latimer, Hooper and Ridley)
• What was the response to this?

  Sympathy was fairly widespread, people became hostile towards Mary and Catholicism
• What did people do instead of turning Protestant?

  They turned atheist or apathetic
• What was the burnings meant to do?

  Scare the protestants into becoming 'Good Catholics'
• Why was it pretty ineffective?

  She only lived for 4 years after the 1st burnings, not long enough
• What did many think her lack of children, bad harvest and wars were because of?

  Divine Retribution