Foreign Policy

• What were her 2 main aims?

  Restore England to Papal Supremacy

  Marry Philip, heir to the Spanish Throne
• How successful was she at FP?

  Achieved both her main aims, but did face some conflicts of interests between her marriage and her religion
• What caused Philip to ask for Mary's Naval Support in the Channel?

  In 1556, Philip invaded the Papal States and Pope Paul promised Naples to France if they helped get Philip out.
• Even though Mary initially avoided conflict with France as she didn't want to risk losing Calais, why did she eventually get involved?

  France (Henry II of France) dragged Mary into conflict by supporting Protestant exiles and helping them to attack England:

  1. The Dudley Conspiracy 1556, Sir Henry Dudley attacked Yarmouth castle on the Isle of Wight.
  2. Thomas Stafford landed at Scarborough castle with French troops – declared himself the protector of England, before being defeated.
• When did England declare a war on france?

  June 1557
• How did the war start off?

  Promising, many rebels and nobility used the war to demonstrate loyalty to Mary and there was success on the battlefield
• What were foriegn policy successes?

  Navy was reformed under Benjamin Gonson

  Army was reformed
• What were foreign policy failures?

  Lost Calais, a massive blow to morale
• How did Mary lose Calais?

  Duke of Guise (Francis, sent by France) seized Calais during campaign season on 1st January. English settles were sent back on ships
• What did Benjamin Gonson do to improve the Navy?

  Increased the budget to £14k - £20k per annum, and increased the number of ships from 3 effective warships in 1555, to 21 Men of War and 5 other ships by 1557.