CB4 Protiens

• Amino acids are sub units of proteins
• The sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of proteins
• Protein molecules are part of the plasma membrane in the phospholipid bilayer
• Hormones are made of protein and are chemical messengers carried in the blood
• Antibodies are made of protein and are part of the immune response to infection
• Enzymes are made of protein, act as biological catalysts, speed up reactions, and are made by all living cells
• Active site is part of an enzyme molecule which is complementary to the shape of a specific substrate, so each enzyme will only work on one substrate
• Degradation is a type of reaction where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
• Synthesis is a type of reaction where small molecules are built up into larger molecules
• Enzyme Phosphorylase is for: Glucose -1- Phosphate ­-> Starch
• Enzyme Amylase is for: Starch -> Maltose
• Enzyme Pepsin is for: Protein -> Peptides
• Enzyme Lipase is for: Fat -> Fatty Acids and Glycerol
• Enzyme Catalase is for: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -> Water (H2O) & Oxygen (O2)
• At low temperatures, the speed of enzyme-controlled reactions is slow
• Increasing temperature increases the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions
• High temperatures (over 40°C) can denature enzymes, changing the shape of the active site
• With increasing temperature over 40°C, enzyme-controlled reactions slow down and eventually stop
• pH is a factor other than temperature that can affect the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions
• Optimum condition is when the enzyme is most active