DNA and RNA

• DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid) is the single most important molecule​in living cells
• label

  A) cell

  B) Nucleus

  C) chromosomes

  D) DNA

  
• What are the types of nucleic acids? 

  deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) & ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• Why are they called nucleic acids? 

  they actually had acidic properties, And the nucleic part comes from the fact that they are found in the nucleus.
• What are the elements that makes up nucleic acids?

  oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, ​nitrogen and phosphorus
• What is the function of nucleic acids? ​

  They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.
• What are the monomers(small units) that makes up nucleic acids?

  Nucleotides
• What are the components of these monomers that makes up nucleic acids

   Each nucleotide is made up of a phosphate, a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base. 
• What type of reaction join the monomers together to make nucleotides?​

  Nucleotides bind together through condensation reactions to form a polynucleotide. ​
• • Nucleotides are the basic units of DNA ​
  • They are the monomers (small units) that make up DNA
  • A nucleotide is made of 3 components:​
  • A Phosphate group​
  • The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.​(Deoxyribonucleic acid)​
  • A nitrogenous/organic Base​
• • There are 4 possible bases on DNA​
  • Four bases are:​
  • Thymine (T)​
  • Adenine (A)​
  • Cytosine (C)​
  • Guanine (G)​
• • The backbone is made from the sugar and the phosphate group (these are always the same)​
  • The phosphate bonds to the sugar on the next nucleotide​

  ​
• • The nucleotides join together in a condensation reaction​
• • DNA is a polymer made of nucleotide monomers. It is called a polynucleotide. Each nucleotide is made from a deoxyribose sugar with a base and a phosphate group attached. The nucleotides form a polymer when a phosphodiester bond forms between sugars and phosphates on adjacent nucleotides. There are four different bases that can be found in DNA nucleotides: Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine
• • Genetic material is found in the nucleus. It is stored as deoxyribonucleic acid or ‘DNA’. A gene is a short section of DNA that codes for certain characteristics. A chromosome is a tightly coiled molecule of DNA, found within the nucleus​
• • Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T)​

  ​

  • Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G)​

  ​

  • This is called complimentary base pairing
• What is the general structure of DNA?

  double helix
• What composes the DNA “backbone” or side pieces?

  Deoxyribose (sugar) & Phosphate
• What is the name of monomer that makes up DNA?

  nucleotide
• What is each nucleotide made of?​

  • Sugar (Deoxyribose)​
  • Phosphate​
  • Nitrogen Base
• • DNA is the storehouse of genetic information. This information is in the form of nucleotide sequence called genetic code.​
  •  This information is copied and transcribed into RNA molecules. ​
  • This information (genetic code) is for specific sequence of amino acids. ​
  • The RNA then synthesizes proteins, which are specific sequence of amino acids, by a process called translation
• RNA structure

  • Created from DNA​​
  • Single-strand and relatively short​​
  • Uracil base instead of Thyamine base​
• • What is the name of the pentose sugar that makes up RNA?​

  Has Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose sugar​