14. Cultural Defence

• What did Davie say about how both types of fundamentalism form?


  Both religious & secular movements can become fundamentalist as a result of greater uncertainties of life in the late modern/postmodern world
• What did Hervieu-Leger say about recreated memories?


  He said that fundamentalism is a way of bringing back traditions in places that have suffered from 'cultural amnesia' & have forgotten their historic religious traditions
• Bruce's Cultural Defence


  Religion unites communities against an external threat
• What are 2 examples of cultural defence in the late 20th century?

  Poland & Iran
• Poland

  -Under communist rule, Catholic church was suppressed

  -Church was used to rally opposition to the Soviet Union
• Iran

  -Western capitalists overthrew the government in 1950s, attempting to modernise & westernise Iran

  -Banning the veil & replacing the muslim calendar

  -Revolution of 1979 brought the Islamic Republic where the Sharia law was imposed
• What did Haynes say about the Iranian revolution?


  -Unusual for middle eastern countries as it was led by religious leaders

  -Local religious leaders are are opposed by fundamentalists, who see them as enemies of Islam