Germany

• When did the Kaiser rule?

  1888 to 1918
• When were the Naval Laws introduced?

  1898 to 1912
• Who did German workers start to vote for?

  SDP - Believed that people and wealth should be equally shared
• When were Germany producing more iron and steel than Britain?

  1913
• Where did Germany want to expand their empire to?

  Mainly in Africa
• When did food shortages begin in Germany?

  1913 - 1916
• When did the Kaiser abdicate?

  9th November 1918
• When was the Armistice signed?

  11th November 1918
• What were the social and economic impacts of WW1?

  • 600,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers
  • Industrial production was 2/3 of what it had been in 1913
• What did the Weimar Republic mean for social impacts?

  • Freedom of speech
  • Freedom of worship
  • Better working conditions
• What was 'Proportional Representation'?

  The number of politicians sat the Reichstag representing their party is in proportion with the number of votes they win.
• When was the Spartacist Uprising?


  January 1919
• What was the Spartacist Uprising?

  A communist rebellion led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebenknecht who wanted Germany to be run by small councils instead of a large parliament and they roamed the streets of Berlin while Ebert asked for the Freikorps to put it down and 600 communists were killed.
• When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

  March 1919
• When was the Kapp Putsch?

  March 1919
• What was the Kapp Putsch?

  A right-winged nationalist rebellion led by Wolfgang Kapp because he wanted the Kaiser back who felt angry because the Weimar politicians signed the Treaty of Versailles, about 5,000 Freikorps joined and Ebert and his government fled Berlin. The Kapp Putsch failed because of the workers going on strike and Kapp only had Berlin for 100 hours.
• How much of the reparations did Germany pay back in 1921?

  50 million
• How much reparations did Germany pay back in 1922?

  Nothing
• How many French and Belgium troops Invaded the Ruhr and when?

  60,000 troops in 1923.
• How many German workers were killed and How many were thrown out of their home?

  100 killed and 15,000 thrown out
• When was the Munich Putsch?

  November 1923
• What was the Munich Putsch?

  Hitler's attempt of overthrowing the Weimar Government when he interrupted a meeting in Munich where Kahr was speaking. Hitler wanted Kahr to support his attempt in overthrowing the Weimar Government and he was accompanied by the Stormtroopers and General Ludendorff. Hitler then decided to take over the whole country as his stormtroopers overtook the Government buildings and were soon met with the police and 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler was put in prison to serve 5 years but only actually served 9 months.
• When were the 'Golden Years'?

  1924 to 1929
• Under Stresemann how many votes went to the Nazis?

  Less than 3%
• When was the Dawes Plan and what was this?

  1923 - USA giving loans to Germany in order to restimulate their economy.
• When was the Locarno Pact and what was this?

  1925 - A promise to never invade each other and was signed by : Britain, France, Belgium, Italy.
• What was the 25 Point Programme?

  The idea that Germany should return to it's traditional values and believed that Jews, Communists, Weimar politicians and the Treaty of Versailles were the causes of Germany's problems and expressed the hatred for the democratic Weimar system.
• When was the Reichstag Fire?

  27th February 1933
• When was the Enabling Law passed and what did this mean?

  23rd March 1933 - Gave Hitler the power to make laws without the Reichstag's approval or the President's. This meant that there was no more freedom of speech, banned trade unions, banned all other political parties other than the Nazis, formed the Gestapo and the first concentration camp for political prisoners was opened.
• When did Hindenburg die?

  2nd August 1934
• When was Kristallnacht and what did this do?

  June 1934 - Hitler growing suspicious of the SA's leader Ernst Rohm as he could be a potential threat to him as he wanted to merge the SA with the Army and Hitler reacted violently. Hitler sent squads of SS men to break into their homes of Rohm and other SA leading figures to arrest them. Hitler accuses Rohm of plotting against him and Rohm and roughly 400 others were executed.
• Who was the Head of Terror?

  Heinrich Himmler
• Who was the Head of Propaganda?

  Joseph Goebbels
• When was the SS formed?

  1925
• When was Gestapo formed?

  1933
• Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?


  Group of Youths that opposed the Hitler Youth Groups and went on hiking and camping trips and would sing banned songs and discuss banned topics. They also sabotaged railway lines and acted as spies who passed on military secrets to other countries. Nazis publicly hung 12 of them in 1944.
• When was Germany accepted into the League of Nations?

  1926
• What was the Young Plan and when was this?

  1929 - Reduced the reparations that Germany had to pay back from 6.6 billion to 1.8 billion.
• What were the Nuremburg Laws and when was this?


  1935 - A series of laws that were aimed at German Jews to exclude them from German citizenship.

  • Jews were not allowed to vote
  • Marriages and sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews was banned.
  • Jewish children banned from schools.
  • Jews banned from public spaces such as swimming pools.
• What was Kristallnacht and when was this?


  1938 - Jewish homes, synagogues and businesses were attacked all over Germany and Austria.

  About 100 Jews were killed and 20,000 were sent to concentration camps.