Unit 2

• Neopsychoanalytical theory of Pyschology

  Personality theories stemming from Freud

  • • similarities: unconscious & critical; points of development 
  • • Differences: levels of determinism (less); emphasis of instinctual motivation
• Psychoanalytical perspective of personality


  Psychoanalytic theory posits that our childhood experiences and unconscious desires shape our behavior

  • id, ego, and superego
• Jung across the 5 issues

  • Free will vs determinism: can’t control archetypes, but we can control patterns of archetypes
  • Nature vs nuture: archetypes inherited from biology
  • Past vs Present: ALL of timeline is important to personality
  • Equilibrium vs Growth: entropy going away from middle
  • Optimism vs Pessimism: theories offer hope
• Adler on 5 Issues

  • FREE WILL vs determinism: we have the ability to overcome sense of inferiority
  • Nature vs Nurture: middle; everyone share innate feelings of inferiority, but social environment will play in how we address them
  • Past vs Present: believe a little of historical determism, but still believed the power of later-life events
  • UNIQUENESS vs universality: we’re all gravitating towards different things; individual psychology; 
  • OPTIMISM vs pessimism: very optimistic
• Horney on 5 Issues

  • FREE WILL vs determinism: flight from womanhood; appraisals
  • nature vs NURTURE: how we deal with appraisal
  • Past vs Present
  • UNIQUENESS vs universality: theory aligns w/ Adhler
  • Equilibrium vs GROWTH
  • OPTIMISM vs pessimism
• Adhler’s Background


  Facing physical disablement, middle child dynamics, and academic challenges, his psychology focus on overcoming weakness through treating feelings of inferiority
• Jung‘s Background

  Enduring a rough childhood, unaffectionate home life, and a nervous breakdown at 38 yrs old, he pursued psychiatry, making a breakthrough by exploring and solving his own nerosis
• Horney‘s background


  With a strained marriage between parents, many failed attempts for their affection, a complex love life, and a sucessful career, she rejected Freud’s validity, and was the first feminine voice of science
• Jung’s differing beliefs from Freud

  • role of sexuality
  • optimism regarding future aspirations
  • greater emphasis on unconscious (questioned the ‘Iceberg’: 5% consciousness)
• Jung basic sense of motivation

  From instincts to psychic energy

  • termed libido more differently

  more life, less sex

  more energy, less instinct

  psychic energy like physical energy 
• Jung’s 3 principles of psychic energy

  • Opposites (fire & ice)
  • equivalence: changes, but never gain or lose psychic energy (high school athlete -> sports coach)
  • entropy: heading towards (not maintaining) middle ground
• Jung’s System of Personality

  Ego

  • conscious part of personality (5%
  • Myer—Briggs traits

  Personal unconscious

  • like preconscious; things just pass away
  • too trivial & disturbing

  Collective unconscious

  • deepest level of psyche
  • Humankind experiences
  • universal
• Principles and functions of the ego

  The attitude (channeling of psychic energy)

  • extraversion: pushing energy upon other ppl/things)
  • Introversion: honing energy within themselves)

  Psychological functions (channeling our attitudes

  • seen in “pairs of two”

  sensing (drawing off external w/ senses) & intuiting (generate things internally) (non-rational)

  • thinking (right vs wrong) & feeling (emotionally reacts) (rational)
• Psychological Types Extroveted

  Extraverted

  • • T: channels outward portraying thing as moral T/F (teachers)
  • • F: channeling what you like/don’t like on others (food influencers, critics)
  • • S: gravitate towards outward experiences 
  • • N: channel to convince others to buy into ideas (visionary)
• Psychological types Introverted

  Introverted

  • • T: governs life off what’s right vs wrong, but doesn’t let people know
  • • F: plenty of feeling beneath surface, but keeps them within (schizoid)
  • • S: gaining outwards experiences, but keeps it to them themselves (poets, journal)
  • • N: keeping ideas/theories into themselves; heavily in their own world (daydreamers, conspiracy theorist)
• universal archetypes

  • The hero
  • the child
  • the mother
  • Death
  • Power
  • God 
  • The wise old man
• personal archetypes

  • Persona (“mask”; being something that you WANT people to see you as)
  • Animus & Anima: everyone has a masculine side (animus) and a feminine side (anima)
  • The shadow: dark side: mysterious, less understandable, impulsively based (NOT necessary evil)
  • The self: channeling all personal archetypes into who you want to be/portray
• Jung Common Techniques

  • Word association (attuned to words & inflection)
  • Symptom analysis (using gestures contrary to surface-level)
  • Dream analysis: dreams were symbolic, but can also reveal 3 things abt psyche: preparatory (preparing for future dread), compensatory (regulating repressed thoughts that aren’t strong enough to reach consciousness) amplified (amping something that isn’t as bad irl, but warning for danger)
  • Projective: interpreted subjectively Influenced the development of Myers Briggs Test