anobato

• Drug Use Evaluation 


  authorized, structed, on-going systems for monitoring drug use through comparison w/specific standards and initiation of appropriate when the results are inconsiw/the standards
• Pharmacoeconomics 


  tool that is used to measure, identify and compare costs and outc of diff. pharmacoth and medical
• cost of illness


  measures both direct & indirect cost attributable to specific disease
• cost benefit analysis


  involves identifying & measuring all costs of providing treatment & comparing w/the resulting benefits
• cost effectiveness analysis 


  compare treatment alternative w/cost measured & treatment putcomes expressed in term of therapeutic objectives
• cost utility analysis 


  measures consequences in terms of QALY
• Quality Adjusted Life Years


  QALY
• QALY


  calculated by estimating the years of life remaining for a patient following a particular treatment or intervention
• Evidence Based Medicine


  conscientious, explicit, and judicious used if current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients
• Pharmakon


  drug
• epi


  among
• demos


  people
• logos


  study
• Pharmacoepidemiology


  study of uses of drugs and their effects on large number of people
• case control


  retrospective
• recall bias


  occurs when people don’t remember previous events/experiences accurately or memories maybe influenced by subsequent events or experience
• cohort


  prospective; follow up through time looking for differences in the development of a condition of disease
• cross sectional


  prevalence study; survey the popu at a single point of time
• randomized control trials


  gold standard; comparing two or more treatment and placebo
• single blinded


  the patiend is not aware of the assignment
• double blinded


  both the clinician and the patient are not aware
• clinical


  phase 1-4
• phase I


  healthy volunteers; safety
• phase II


  volunteers w/disease; efficacy
• phase III


  large scale multicenter clinical studies
• phase IV


  post-marketing surveillance
• meta analysis 


  systematic review using quantitative methods to summarize results
• systematic review


  comprehensive summary of best available evidences that address a defined question
• primary source


  provides the most current information
• secondary source 


  used for quick and selective screening of primary sources
• tertiary source 


  provide easy and convenient access to information; may be outdated
• cost minimization analysis 


  used to identify alternative with the lowest cost among various interventions w/ equivalent outcomes