Prac research quiz 2

• INFORMED CONSENT

  This is required to secure in order protect

  the rights of the participants in your

  study.

  Inform your participants about the criteria

  set for choosing them as informants and

  the schedule of one-on-one interview at

  the convenient time they are available.

  Participation to the study will be

  completely voluntary
• HONESTY It reports data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, and misrepresent the data.
• OBJECTIVITY Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
• INTEGRITY Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.
• CAREFULNESS Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.
• OPENNESS Share data, results, ideas, tools, and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
• RESPECT FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Honor patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due, never plagiarize, fabricate, and falsify.
• CONFIDENTIALITY Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
• RESPONSIBLE MENTORING Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.
• RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
• RESPECT FOR COLLEAGUES Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others.
• SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.
• NON-DISCRIMINATION Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
• COMPETENCE Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
• LEGALITY Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.
• ETHICS IN RESEARCH Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
• HUMAN SUBJECT PROTECTION When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits, respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.
• 1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings.
• 2. Intellectual Property It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value.
• 3. Copyright Infringement It is the use or production of copyright-

  protected material without permission of the

  copyright holder.

  Copyright infringement means that the

  rights accorded to the copyright holder, such

  as the exclusive use of a work for a set period

  of time, are breached by a third party.
• 4. Voluntary Participation People must not be coerced into participating in research process. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.
• 5. Anonymity It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given nor known.
• 6. Privacy It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret. It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.
• Ethical Standards in Research Writing Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution to receive grants.
• PLAGIARISM It refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original works, a violation of intellectual property rights.
• REALISTICS ➢The results of an investigation should be based on actual data gathered by the researcher himself ➢The data should be a valid evidence of ones investigation
• LOGICAL ✓ Research should follow valid procedures and principles ✓proper and logical approach
• CYCLICAL

  ▪ starts with a problem and ends with another problem ▪ as soon as the researcher answers his questions, there could be other questions that may arise as a result of answering the previous research questions ▪ research is not expected to end when the research questions has already been answered
• ANALYTICAL • Before starting the conclusions the researcher must make sure that all acceptable procedures in data gathering have been employed correctly . • Proper analysis of the data should be done before making final conclusions.