Transcription and translation

• The promoter part of the gene determines where to begin transcription
• During RNA editing, no coding sections for RNA called introns are removed. while the coding sections called extrons pasted together to make final mRNA
• Spliceosome is an enzyme complex that cuts out introns from pre-mRNA molecules
• Ribosomal RNA makes up a part of a ribosome
• what are the codons in a tRNA that complement the codon in mRNA?


  Anticodons
• Codons consist of three consecutive nucleotides
• Translation is carried out by ribosomes
• Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
• The sequence of amino acids determines the shape of proteins
• The purpose of RNA is to use information stored in DNA to direct synthesis of proteins
• Transcription copies one gene at a time
• Transcription starts at the promoter which is at the 5’ end of a gene
• Transcription ends at the terminator
• The template strand of DNA is used as a template for the mRNA
• The coding strand of DNA is copied in translation
• 3'-TAG TAC GGC TAG CCC TTG AAC TTT-5' is a DNA sequence from the template strand. The correct mRNA would be...?

  5'-AUC AUG CCG AUC GGG AAC UUG AAA-3'
• Using the genetic code chart what would be the correctly translated protein sequence from 5'-GAC TAC GGC TCG CCC TTG AAC TTT-3' (coding strand)?

  Asp-Tyr-Gly-Ser-Pro-Leu-Asn-Phe
• What is the mRNA transcribed from the template strand 3'-TAC GAT AAG CCT-5'?

  5'-AUG CUA UUC GGA-3'
• The non-template/coding/sense strand goes from 5' to 3' end
• The template/non-sense/non-coding strand goes from the 3' to 5' end.
• The fundamental theorem of molecular biology is that information flows from one direction from genes in DNA to RNA in proteins
• RNA polymerase is able to build an exact copy of of the DNA coding strand by using the template strand
• Which DNA strand is used as a template for transcription of RNA?

  The template strand
• Transcription starts at the promoter at the 5' end
• Ribosomes are made out of rRNA
• The purpose of RNA is to use to information stored in DNA to direct the synthesis of proteins
• Transcription ends at the terminator
• Transcription factors bind to the promoter so the enzyme knows where to start in transcription
• Transcription builds the new strands from 5' to 3'. Same as DNA replication
• The products of transcription are edited only in Eukaryotic cells
• The products of transcription travel to the cytoplasm to be used by ribosomes to make proteins