TLE

• are designed to achieve high porosity

  growing media
• the best soil medium for general nursery

  friable loam
• CLAY LOAM VEGETABLE

  1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1
• -This is done by gradually exposing the seedlings one week before transplanting

  -explains that it is important to harden the seedlings before transferring them to the field

  Hardening of Seedlings
• The process of pulling out disease infected or damaged seedlings is called

    Rogueing
• Is the process of reducing the number of seedling in the seed bed or seed box

    Thinning
• Method of planting in which the seed are directly planted in the soil

  direct planting
• -Is is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat and usually with some stored food

  -fertilized and ripened ovule

  seeds
• Are made from a vegetative portion of the plant such as stems and modified stems leaves and roots

  cuttings
• Are long thin above the ground stems with few or no leaves and suckers are young plant and large beside the mother plant and can be used for planting materials

  runners and suckers
• composed of shortened branches that later develop with thickened particles

    bulb
• Practice 1 week before transplanting as a preparation for transplanting


    blocking
• After soil has been prepared the next activity is to

  Transplanting
• Is the process of subjecting the soil to the heat and chemicals to with seeds insects and numerous soil pathogens

    Soil sterilization
•  This is done by burning organic material above the soil the high temperature will cause the death of many microorganisms including

  burning organic materials on the soil
• This method of soil sterilization is commonly done by pouring boiling water with 100°c 


  Pouring boiling water into the soil
• Is a method of sterilization uses the sun to hit the soil

  Solarization
• Three traditional method of soil sterilization

    Burning organic material on the soil

  Pouring boiling water on the soil

  Solarization
• Soil burn pest and pathogens can be suppressed by chemical compound

  Biofumigation
• Treat the soil with chemicals like formaldehyde

  Chemical treatment
• It is the most important operation in crop production

  sewing seeds
• Hand tools made of pointed metals used for transplanting seedlings

  dibble or dibbler
• Practice of planting different crops in the same area at the same year

  Crop rotation or green manure