Pr1 lesson 1-2 Quiz

• Research is defined as a careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method according to the nature and conditions of the problem identified, directed toward the clarification or resolution of a problem
• Research is the systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem
• Research is a systematic study or investigation of something for the purpose of answering questions posed by the researcher
• Research is the process of gathering data or information to solve a particular or specific problem in a scientific manner
• Research in its broadest sense is an attempt to gain solutions to problems. It is the collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction or explanation
• Research is a purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life
• The main purpose and goal of research is the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life
• Specific purposes and goals of research include:

  • Discovering new facts about known phenomena
  • Finding answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing methods and information
  • Improving existing techniques and developing new instruments or products
  • Discovering previously unrecognized substances and elements
  • Satisfying the researcher's curiosity
  • Expanding or verifying existing knowledge
  • Providing a basis for decision-making in business, industry, education, government, and other undertakings
• Research aims for truth

  • Research improves the quality of human life
  • Research saves lives
  • Research gathers necessary information
  • Research explores humanity
• Research is not only about the discovery of something unknown, but also about solving existing problems or difficulties

  • Research is a systematic investigation or inquiry entailing the collection of data, documentation of critical information, analysis, and interpretation of information
• Seatwork No. 1:

  • Research does not provide us with a narrow understanding of a particular problem (False)
  • Research does not make man's life simple and easy (False)
  • Research continues to provide us with a safer life (True)
  • In research, necessary information is gathered to understand the situation (True)
  • Research explores the culture of the people (True)
• Characteristics of Research:

  • Empirical: based on observations and experiments of theories
  • Systematic: follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles
  • Controlled: all variables, except those tested/experimented on, are kept constant
  • Employs hypothesis: refers to a search for facts, answers to questions, and solutions to problems
  • Analytical: shows analytical procedures in gathering data, whether historical, descriptive, or case study
  • Objective: unbiased and logical, findings are based on real-life situations
• • Original work: requires its own examination and produces the data needed to complete the study
• Research Process:

  • Define research problem: identify the problem
  • Review of related literature: examine existing evidence
  • Formulating hypothesis: plan how to find answers to questions being studied
  • Research design: determine where the study will be conducted and with what population
  • Collecting data: gather necessary data
  • Analyzing data: interpret how the data answer the research queries
  • Interpret and report: discuss the implications of the results
• Ethics of Research:

  • Ethics promote the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility
  • Ethical norms help individuals be accountable for their actions
  • Researchers are held accountable to the public
  • Ethical norms in research require public awareness
  • Ethical codes and policies for research include honesty, integrity, objectivity, openness, carefulness, responsible publication, confidentiality, responsible mentoring, social responsibility, human subject protection, non-discrimination, respect of intellectual property, legality, and respect for colleagues