8.1B Variation in Migration

• • Approximately 3% of the world’s population live outside their country of birth(approx. 281 million people), of which 66% are economic migrants
  • Female migration has steadily increased (50%), with women making up the majority of contract workers in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Indonesia
  • Until the 1990s the majority of international migration was mainly to HDEs such as the UK and the USA
• • However, there is a rise to certain cities of developing countries (Mumbai, India etc.), which have become major hubs for global immigration
  • The level of international migration varies between countries due to differing migration policies and levels of global economic engagement
  • Singapore encourages international migration
  • Australia and New Zealand have barriers in place
• • Some countries attract few migrants due to civil unrest or lack of development e.g., Eritrea, South Sudan etc.
  • Inward investment by TNCs can depend on the ease by which a company can transfer its senior management staff into a particular nation
  • Spatially there is an increase in migration, impacting both the country of origin and destination, with many new migration streams/routes being developed