ENGI MANAGEMENT

• Management is getting work done through others
• Management requires a set of activities directed at an organization's resources (human, financial, physical, and information) to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently
• An organization is a group of people working together in a structured and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals
• A manager is someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process
• Effective management involves making the right decisions and successfully implementing them.
• Efficient management involves using resources wisely in a cost-effective way
• Engineering is a profession where knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences is applied to develop ways to utilize materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind
• An engineer applies mathematical and science knowledge to solve practical problems
• Engineering management is a process of leading and controlling a technical function/enterprise
• Engineering management is similar to other definitions of management but focuses on technical issues
• Types of Job Levels in Management:

  • First-line Managers:
  • Directly supervise non-managers
  • Carry out short-range operating plans and evaluate individual worker performance.
  • Middle Management:
  • Manage through other managers.
  • Make intermediate-range plans to achieve long-range goals set by top management.
  • Provide an integrating and coordinating function for the achievement of enterprise goals.
  • Top Management:
  • Define the character, mission, and objectives of the enterprise.
  • Establish criteria for long-range plans and evaluate departmental performance.
• Key Factors in Engineering Management/Working today:

  • Intellectual Capital
  • Globalization
  • Technology
  • Diversity
  • Ethics
  • Careers
• Classical Management Approaches include:

  • Scientific Management
  • Administrative Principles
  • Bureaucratic Organization
• Scientific Management principles by Frederick W. Taylor (father of scientific management):

  • Develop a "science" for every job
  • Carefully select and train workers
  • Support workers by planning their work and smoothing the way
• Administrative Principles by Henri Fayol:

  • Foresight
  • Organization
  • Command
  • Coordination
  • Control
• Bureaucratic Organization by Max Weber:

  • Characteristics include clear division of labor, hierarchy of authority, formal rules and procedures, impersonality, and careers based on merit
• Behavioral Management Approaches include:

  • Follett’s Organization as Communities
  • Hawthorne Studies
  • Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs
  • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
  • Argyris’ Theory of Adult Personality
• Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs hierarchy:

  • Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y:

  • Theory X managers believe people dislike work, lack ambition, and resist change
  • Theory Y managers believe people are willing to work, self-controlled, responsible, imaginative, and self-directed
• Argyris’ Theory of Adult Personality contrasts traditional and hierarchical organizations with the needs and capabilities of mature adults
• Ethics is a code of moral principles that sets standards of good or bad, or right or wrong, in one’s conduct
• Values associated with ethics include honesty, courage, self-discipline, and integrity
• Four views of ethical behavior: Individualism view, Utilitarian view, Justice view and Moral rights view.
• Ethical dilemma is a situation that requires a choice regarding a possible course of action that, although offering the potential for personal or organizational benefit, or both may be considered unethical.
• Influence of culture on ethical behavior: “Ethical dilemma becomes even more difficult when you overlay the complexities of different cultures and values systems that exist throughout the world.” - Former Levi CEO Robert Haas
• Cultural Relativism vs Universalism:
• Ethics at the level of the organization includes social responsibility and maintaining high standards
• 4 Management Function: Planning and decision making, Organizing, Leading, Controlling.
• Planning and decision making is setting the organizations goals and deciding how best to achieve them.
• Organizing is determining how best to group activities and resources.
• Leading is motivating members of organization to work in the best interest of the organization.
• Controlling is monitoring and correcting ongoing activities to facilitate goal attainment.
• Basic managerial role: Interpersonal, Informational and Decisional.
• “The principal objective of management should be to

  secure maximum prosperity for the employer coupled with the maximum prosperity for the employee.” - Frederick W. Taylor
• Bureaucracy - a rational and efficient form of

  organization founded on logic, order and legitimate authority.
• “Managers and workers should labor in harmony, without one party dominating the other and with the freedom to talk over and truly reconcile conflicts and differences.” - Mary Parker Follett
• Hawthorne Studies - Researches in 1924 by the Western Electric Company.
• personal influences on ethics