central nervous system

• The cerebellum is a region of the brain located at the back and bottom, responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
• The CNS consists of the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla oblongata, Hypothalamus, and Corpus callosum
• The Cerebrum is the top region and the largest part of the brain
• Functional areas of the cerebrum include Sensory areas (interpret impulses from receptors), Motor areas (controls muscular movements) and Association areas (concerned with intellectual, emotional processes and memory)
• The cerebrum is involved in: thinking, reasoning, learning, memory and Intelligence
• The cerebrum is concerned with: perception of the senses and initiation and control of voluntary muscle contraction
• The cerebellum is found under the rear part of the cerebrum and is the second largest part of the brain
• The cerebellum controls: posture and balance, fine motor coordination of voluntary muscle, subconscious movements and Smooth movements
• The hypothalamus is the Small, internal, central region of brain.
• The hypothalamus's function is the regulation of vital body functions, Homeostasis, Emotions and Hormone regulation
• The medulla oblongata is the region of the brain stem essential for life.
• The medulla oblongata regulates: Heart rate (Cardiac centre), Breathing (Respiratory centre), Swallowing, Blood Pressure, Sneezing, Coughing and Vomiting
• The corpus callosum is a band of nerves connecting the two halves of the brain.
• The corpus callosum transfers sensory, motor and cognitive information between the two brain hemispheres.
• The Nervous system is a communication network that controls many body functions, consisting of cells called neurons which make up the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves .
• The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the Brain and the spinal cord.
• The brain is the control centre of the body whereas the spinal cord carries messages from the brain to the body and visa-versa.
• The Peripheral Nervous system is the nerves of the body which collect messages from sense receptors to send to the brain. They also take messages from the brain to the muscles of the body.
• The efferent nervous system is peripheral nerves that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the body. Broken down into Somatic division – nerves carrying messages to skeletal muscles. (voluntary) and Autonomic division – nerves carrying messages to organs and involuntary muscles.
• The autonomic division can be broken down into two divisions which are: Sympathetic – nerves that prepare the body for action (i.e. fight or flight mechanism) and Parasympathetic – nerves that prepare the body for relaxation.
• Afferent division, nervous system is the peripheral nerves carrying sensory messages from the body to the brain. Broken down into two divisions: Somatic – carries sensory information from skin and muscles. and Visceral – carries sensory information from internal organs.