logical fallacies

• Ad Hominem 

  Unfairly attacking a person instead of the issue.

  Attacking the character and/or reputationof a position’s supporters; “Guilt byassociation”
• Circular Reasoning  

  “Begging the Question"

  The opinion to be proved is given as if it were already proved
• False Cause (Cause and Effect) “Non Causa Pro Causa”

  Citing a false or remote cause toexplain a situation
• Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

  Assuming that because two things happened, the first one caused the second one
• “Either or" Fallacy

  Discussing an issue as if there are only two alternatives

  This fallacy ignores any otherpossible alternatives
• Evasion

  Ignoring or evading the questions
• False Analogy

  Making a comparison between two subjects that have more dissimilarities than similarities
• Oversimplification

  Making a complicated issue seem very simple by using simple terms or suppressing information
• Rationalization

  Giving incorrect reasons to justifyyour positi
• Red Herring

  Presenting an argument unrelated to your subject in order to distract the reader
• Slippery Slope

  Implying that one small step in the wrong direction will cause catastrophic results
• Two wrongs make a right

  Defending something done wrong by citing another incident of wrongdoing
• Hasty Generalization

  An inference drawn frominsufficient evidence
• The Straw Man

  An argument in which an opponent’s position is represented as being more extreme than it actually is
• Equivocation

  occurs when a term is used in an argument with more than one meaning, and the meaning of the term shifts during the argument
• Non Sequitur

  “It does not follow”Argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically