psychological explanation and therapy

• What does the term "schizophrenogenic" mean?

  Schizophrenia causing
• Who proposed the psychodynamic explanation for schizophrenia?

  Reichmann
• What type of parent is described in the psychodynamic explanation?

  Cold, rejecting, and controlling mother
• What family climate does a schizophrenogenic mother create?

  Tension and secrecy
• How does a cold mother contribute to schizophrenia?

  Creates distrust leading to paranoid delusions
• What is the double bind theory in relation to schizophrenia?

  Mixed messages leading to confusion and danger
• What happens when a child gets it wrong in a double bind situation?

  They are punished by withdrawal of love
• What symptoms can arise from the double bind theory?

  Disorganized thinking and paranoid delusions
• What does expressed emotion refer to in the context of schizophrenia?

  Negative emotions expressed by a carer
• What elements are included in expressed emotion?

  Verbal criticism, hostility, rejection
• How can expressed emotion affect someone with schizophrenia?

  It can trigger relapse and onset of symptoms
• What model explains the relationship between genetic vulnerability and stress in schizophrenia?

  Diathesis stress model
• What did Read et al find regarding attachment in schizophrenia?

  Most SCZ adults had insecure attachments
• What is a criticism of the schizophrenogenic mother and double bind theory?

  They lack systematic evidence
• Why is the concept of the schizophrenogenic mother socially sensitive?

  It can lead to parent blaming
• What is the aim of CBT in treating schizophrenia?

  To help manage hallucinations and delusions
• How does CBT help patients understand their hallucinations?

  By normalizing voices as extensions of thinking
• What does a therapist do regarding a patient's delusions in CBT?

  Examines the likelihood of their truth
• What did Juahar's meta-analysis find about CBT for schizophrenia?

  Small but significant reduction in symptoms
• What is the focus of family therapy in treating schizophrenia?

  Improving communication within the family
• What is one goal of family therapy?

  Reduce negative emotions expressed by family
• How does family therapy help families cope?

  Educates them on schizophrenia and support
• What did McFarlane's meta-analysis find about family therapy?

  Reduced relapse by 50-60%
• What are the two widely used psychological therapies for schizophrenia?

  CBT and family therapy
• What does CBT help patients with?

  Challenge delusions and develop coping mechanisms
• What does family therapy aim to improve?

  Communication and problem-solving skills
• What does NICE (2020) recommend regarding CBT?

  It should be used as an adjunctive treatment
• What is a limitation of CBT for schizophrenia?

  Less effective for acute psychosis or severe impairments
• What did Pharaoh et al. (2010) find about family therapy?

  It reduced relapse rates and hospital readmissions
• What is a limitation of family therapy?

  Requires willingness and stability of family members
• What do psychological therapies help manage?

  Symptoms and improve social functioning
• What is the aim of CBT in treating schizophrenia?

  Helps patients challenge delusions and develop coping mechanisms
• What is the goal of family therapy in schizophrenia treatment?

  Reduce high EE and improve communication
• What does NICE research support regarding psychological therapy?

  Reduces symptom severity and improves functioning
• What is a limitation of psychological therapy for schizophrenia?

  Less effective for severe cognitive impairments
• What did Pharoah's research find about family therapy?

  Reduced relapse rates and hospital readmissions
• What is a limitation of family therapy?

  Requires willingness and stability of family members
• What do psychological therapies aim to do for schizophrenia patients?

  Manage symptoms and improve social functioning
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of psychological therapies for schizophrenia?

  Strengths:

  • Manage symptoms
  • Improve social functioning
  • Empower patients

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Time-intensive
  • Require skilled therapists
  • Not accessible in all NHS trusts