Plant Reproduction

• Reproduction: to produce again
• Reproduction: a process by which new individuals are generated
• Types of Reproduction in Plants:

  • Asexual Reproduction
  • Sexual Reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction: A single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
• Sexual Reproduction: Two parents are required to produce offspring whose traits come from both parents.
• 5 traits of a living organism:

  1. made up of cells
  2. can reproduce
  3. contains genetic materials/DNA
  4. Has a Metabolism
  5. Capable of Homeostasis
• Homeostasis: The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment. Example: Body temparature, oxygen level, blood sugar level, pH, water level.
• Metabolism: The ability to obtain and use energy for growth and movement.
• Kinds of Plant Reproduction:

  1. Budding
  2. Vegetative Propagation
  3. Runners
• Budding: A form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of parent organism.
• Budding: In this process, a new organism is developed from a small part of the parent's body.
• Vegetative Propagation: Occurs through fragmentation and regeneration of specific vegetative parts of the plants, specifically the leaves, roots, and stem.
• Runners: A type of aerial stems that grow horizontally along the ground or on other surfaces, allowing the plant to spread quickly by forming new plants at their tips.
• Runners: grows from the stem and separates from the parent plant, while still needing support from them
• 4 Main Parts of a Flower:

  1. Petals
  2. Sepals
  3. Stamen
  4. Carpel or Pistil
• Name the parts of a Flower (Gumamela)

  A) Petal

  B) Stamen

  C) Anther

  D) Filament

  E) Sepal

  F) Carpel

  G) Stigma

  H) Style

  I) Pollen tube

  J) Ovary

  K) Ovule

  L) Receptacle

  M) Stem

  
• Petals: This is a bright-colored part that attracts pollinators. This also helps us differentiate one flower from another
• Sepals: green-colored part beneath the petals, which protects rising buds
• Stamen: Male reproductive organ of the flower
• Anther: is a yellowish, sac-like structure, involved in producing and storing the pollens.
• Filament: is a slender, threadlike object, which functions by supporting the anther
• Carpel or Pistil: the female reproductive organ of a flower
• Stigma: Is the topmost part or receptive tip of capels.
• Style: long tube-like slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary
• Ovary: Is the ductless reproductive gland that holds a lot of ovules.
• Ovule: the part of the plant where the seed formation takes place
• Pollination: the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the pistil
• Abiotic Pollination Agent:

  • Wind
  • Water
• Biotic Pollination Agent:

  • Bird
  • Insect
  • Bat
• 3n endosperm: provide nutrients to the growing embryo
• Double Fertilization: the two fertilization events
• Two fertilization during double fertilization:

  1. Fertilization of haploid egg cell to form diploid zygote
  2. Fertilization of big cell of the embryo sac to form triploid
• Self Pollination: Occurs when pollen falls from the anther into the stigma of the same flowering plant.
• Cross Pollination: is the transfer of pollen to another plant of the same species
• Seed coat: Hard outer coating of seeds
• Dormant: when a seed stops growth temporarily
• Ribbon: helps the embryo move up through the endosperm
• Zygote: divides using mitosis and forms two cells.
• Eudicot embryo: will form to bulges that eventually develop into its cotyledons.
• Bean: example of a eudicot with an embryonic shoot and root.