Ict 1

• Computer - A machine that is used for processing data
• The instruction that is used for manipulating data is known as program.
• Data, in the context of computing, refers to the symbols representing facts, objects,
• A computer accepts:

  1. inputs
  2. processes
  3. stores
  4. produces data according to the program its running.
• Hardware - Mechanical devices in the computer . Anything that can be touched
• Computer systems have four parts:

  1. Hardware
  2. Software
  3. Data
  4. User
• Software - Tell the computer what to do . Also called a program . Thousands of programs exist
• Data - Pieces of information . Computer organize and present data
• Users - People operating the computer . Most important part . Tell the computer what to do
• Information Processing Cycle

  Steps followed to process data:

  1. Input
  2. Processing
  3. Output
  4. Storage
• Memory devices:

  1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
  2. Read Only Memory (ROM)
  3. Stores data or programs
• Random Access Memory (RAM):

  1. Volatile
  2. Stores current data and programs
  3. More RAM results in a faster system
• Read Only Memory (ROM):

  1. Permanent storage of programs
  2. Holds the computer boot directions
• Input devices accept data
• Output devices deliver data
• Computer Parts:

  1. Motherboard
  2. Hardware
  3. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
  4. Computer Case
  5. Monitor
  6. Power Supply
  7. Video Card
  8. Keyboard
  9. Mouse
  10. Touchpad
  11. CD Rom Drive
  12. CD (Compact Disc)
  13. Floppy Disk Drive
  14. Hard Disk
  15. RAM
  16. Printer
  17. Barcode Reader
  18. Scanner
  19. Microphone
  20. Speakers
  21. Sound Card
  22. Modem
  23. Network Card
  24. Software
  25. DOS (Disk Operating System)
• A digital device uses discrete data:

  1. Discrete data is distinct or separate. Ex: Numbers or digits
• An analog device operates on continuously varying data.
• Hardware - Physical parts of the computer, including processor and memory chips, input/output devices, tapes, disks, modems, cable, etc.
• CPU - The component of a computer that interprets instructions and processes data in computer programs are called central processing unit (CPU) or simply processor.
• Computer Case - Contains the major components of the computer. It helps protect them.
• Monitor - A display screen to provide “output” to the user. It is where you view the information you are working on
• Power Supply - converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.
• Video Card - Connects the computer to the monitor. It is a circuit board attached to the motherboard that contains the memory and other circuitry necessary to send information to the monitor for display on screen
• Keyboard - Used to enter information into the computer and for giving command
• Mouse - An input device operated by rolling its ball across a flat surface.
• Touchpad - A pressure-sensitive and motion sensitive device used in place of a mouse
• CD Rom Drive - The drive that plays CDs and reads data that has been stored on the CD.
• Compact Disc – A type of optical storage device
• Floppy Disk Drive - A device that holds a removable floppy disk when in use; read/write heads read and write data to the diskette.
• Hard Disk - Magnetic storage device in the computer. It is a block-based data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using non-volatile memory
• RAM is a computer’s temporary memory, which exists as chips on the motherboard near the CPU.
• Printer - An output device that produces a hard copy on paper.
• Barcode Reader - An input device that converts a pattern of printed bars into a number that a computer can read.
• Scanner - A device that allows pictures to be placed into a computer.
• Microphone - Allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.
• Speakers - Used to generate or reproduce voice, music, and other sounds.
• Sound Card - Connects the speakers and microphone to the computer.
• Modem - the place where the computer is connected to the phone line
• Network Card - A circuit board that connects the computer to the rest of the network usually using special cables