Wc2

• Poetry is a literary work to express feelings and ideas with a distinctive style and rhythm
• In poetry, sound and meaning of words are combined to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas
• Narrative poetry is a poem that tells a story and has the elements of a story
• Types of Narrative Poetry:

  • Epic: a long unified narrative poem recounting the adventures of a warrior, king, or god, embodying religious and philosophical beliefs, moral code, customs, traditions, and culture
  • Metrical Romance: recounts the quest undertaken by a single knight to gain a lady's favor
  • Metrical Tale: a simple, straightforward story in verse
  • Ballad: a narrative poem meant to be sung, usually composed in the ballad stanza
• Dramatic poetry is a poem where the speaker is someone other than the poet themselves
• Types of Dramatic Poetry:

  • Dramatic Monologue: a character reveals innermost thoughts and feelings hidden throughout the story line through a poem or speech
  • Soliloquy: speaking while alone, conveying a character's thoughts and ideas to the audience
• Lyrical poetry is a poem that expresses emotions, appeals to the senses, and could be set to music
• Types of Lyric Poetry:

  • Ode: a dignified and elaborately structured lyric poem praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually
  • Elegy: a lyric poem expressing sorrow or lamentation, usually for someone who has died
  • Sonnet: a short poem with fourteen lines, usually written in iambic pentameter
• In a sonnet, a foot is an iamb if it consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

  • Penta means five, so a line of iambic pentameter consists of five iambs - five sets of unstressed and stressed syllables
• Song: a lyric poem set to music, with a strong beat created through rhythm, rhyme, and repetition

  • Simple Lyric: a short poem expressing the poet's thoughts, feelings, or emotions
• Speaker: Is the narrative voice of the poem, can be first person "I", second person "you", third person "he or she", or the public person like society
• Subject: The topic of the poem such as nature, love, death, and other life events
• Theme: Main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work, stated directly or indirectly
• Tone: The writer's attitude toward the subject or audience, can be formal or informal, serious or humorous, sad or happy
• Form: Refers to a type of poem that follows a particular set of rules, such as number of lines, length, stanzas, rhyme scheme, or subject matter
• Sound: Includes rhyme, rhythm, and alliteration
• Rhythm: Demonstrates long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables in verse form
• Rhyme: Repetition of similar sounding words occurring at the end of lines
• Stanzas: Division of four or more lines with fixed length, meter, or rhyming scheme
• Imagery: Uses 5 senses to create a picture or image in the reader's mind
• Diction: Style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words
• Meter: Stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in a verse or within the lines of a poem
• Symbolism: Use of a specific object or image to represent an abstract idea
• Poetic Devices:

  • Alliteration: Words with the same first consonant sound close together in a series
  • Imaginative: Provokes thought, causes emotional responses like laughter, happy, sad
  • Creative: Words and phrases with rhythm and rhyme patterns
  • Descriptive and vivid: Imagery creating vivid mental images
  • Free verse: Poetry free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm, does not rhyme with fixed forms
  • Figurative language: Includes personification, similes, metaphors
• Causality -A plot is not a random string of events. It has a logic based on cause and effect relationships between things that happen in the story
• Foreshadowing is a plot-related literary technique whereby an author shows or says something in an early part of a story that hints at a later event
• Psychologically, foreshadowing prepares us for what is to come in the story, particularly the ending
• A flashback is an interruption in the chronological sequence of events in the plot. It narrates a scene that occurred earlier
• Euphemism -Often in literature, whether for humor or just for taste, a writer wishes to describe some graphic or offensive event using milder imagery or phrasing
• Allusion -An author refers to the events or characters from another story in her own story with the hopes that those events will add context or depth to the story she's trying to tell