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• Culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects acquired by a group of people through generations
• Culture consists of patterns of behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, including traditional ideas and values
• Culture is the sum total of learned behavior of a group of people transmitted from generation to generation
• Culture is cultivated behavior, the totality of a person's learned experience socially transmitted through behavior
• Culture is symbolic communication, including skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives
• Culture includes all things individuals learn growing up in a group: attitudes, morality standards, etiquette rules, perceptions of reality, language, beliefs about interactions, and ideas about the world
• A culture is a "way of life" of a group of people, including moral values, behaviors, knowledge, beliefs, and symbols passed down through generations
• Social learning is the process by which individuals acquire knowledge from others in their groups, including moral values and behaviors
• Cultural relativism is a form of moral relativism that believes ethical judgments originate from individual or cultural standards, viewing all moral norms as equally true
• Cultural relativism defines "moral" as what is "socially approved" by the majority in a particular culture, stating that morality differs in every society as concepts of right and wrong vary
• Filipino cultural morality focuses on having a "smooth interpersonal relationship" with values like pakikisama, hiya, amor propio, utang na loob, Filipino hospitality, and respect for elders
• Universal values are necessary for living in a harmonious society, acquired through family education and school, and include values related to life, love, and happiness
• Eternal happiness is the ultimate value for all religious people, as it is the reward for a religious life in Paradise, Heaven, Nirvana, etc.
• Peace is a basic condition for freedom and happiness, as without peace, real freedom cannot exist
• Love can be defined as feelings, experience, or deep connectedness with any other human being, animal, plant, tree, thing, or unnamable
• Freedom means experiencing unrestricted independence from social pressures and having inner freedom from stress, worry, anxiety, and fears
• Safety is being free from threat, fear, and survival-stress, which is essential for preventing an egocentric survival-mentality
• Intelligence includes logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem-solving
• Human respect is based on feelings of connectedness, empathy, and awareness that others are fundamentally like ourselves, creating trust and a friendly attitude
• Equality means evenness, levelness, and fairness, corresponding to the original French/Latin words it originated from
• Justice is the fair and equitable treatment of all individuals under the law, necessary for realizing and maintaining human values like freedom, peace, life, love, and happiness
• Nature is essential for understanding our physical dependence on it and realizing that our highest human values can only be achieved in harmony with nature
• Health, as defined by the World Health Organization, is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capacities
• Moral character refers to the existence or lack of virtues like integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty, and loyalty, indicating a good person with a sound moral compass
• Moral character in a philosophical sense refers to having or lacking moral virtue, with traits having an irreducibly evaluative dimension and involving a normative judgment
• Lawrence Kohlberg's Six Stages of Moral Development include three levels: Pre-conventional Morality, Conventional Morality, and Post-conventional Morality, each with two sub-stages