english 3Q Exam

• WRITING TECHNIQUE – style an author to convey his/her message in a manner that is effective and

  meaningful to the audience.
• ARGUMENTATIVE – having or showing a tendency to disagree or argue.
• ESSAY – a short piece of writing on a particular subject. It should be composed of at least five paragraphs.
• ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

  • a writing that aims to make the reader agree with the writer's opinion about a controversial or

  debatable issue.

  • presents evidence for a claim to let the reader know why it is more favorable.

  • a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue.
• ISSUE - an idea about which the opinions of people are different.
• CLAIM - a statement by an author about an issue.
• ARGUMENT - an idea that supports the claim.
• EVIDENCE - facts in the real world that can be used to support an argument.
• Examples of evidence are statistics, data from studies, historical events, habitual practices, and other

  facts that can support an argument.
• COUNTERARGUMENT – an idea given by the opposing side against the claim given in the argumentative

  essay.
• REBUTTAL - the response to the counterargument
• PRO - an argument in favor of a claim or advantage regarding something
• CON - an argument against a claim or disadvantage regarding something.
• Argumentative essays have the following elements: claim, arguments, evidence, counterargument,

  rebuttal, and conclusion.
• Introduction

  • it is an introductory paragraph; it is in the start of the essay.

  • this is called the "gateway" of an essay.

  • it is because it attracts the attention of readers to the essay and gives the reader background

  information about the topic.

  • it also introduces the thesis statement of the essay, which is the heart of an essay, and tells what is to

  be discussed in the body paragraphs.

  1. Introduce the issue.

  b. Give background information.

  c. State your claim/thesis statement.
• Body – Present your evidence (reason + supporting details), including counterclaim + rebuttal.
• REFUTATION/COUNTERARGUMENT – it is the argument to refute earlier arguments and give weight to the

  actual position.
• Conclusion

  • - it is rephrasing the thesis statement, major points, call attention, or just having the concluding remarks. It even

  has some recommendations.

  1. A general statement that supports your claim or thesis statement

  b. A quotation or call to action
• INFORMATIVE ESSAY – explains a certain issue or topic
• PERSUASION – a technique that is used to present ideas in order to influence the audience or to convince them to

  perform a certain action
• PERSUASIVE WRITING is a type of writing that aims at convincing people to think, feel, or to act in the

  writer's way.
• Introduction

  Title – Hook – Background – Thesis Statement
• Body

  Topic Sentence – Explanation – Evidence – Link
• 1. RHETORICAL QUESTION - This is a question that is not intended to be answered. Instead, it is meant

  to state the obvious, or to challenge the readers and to make them think.
• REPETITION - Repeating keywords or phrases will likely make readers remember them.
• BANDWAGON - This is the technique that would convince a reader to believe in an idea because the

  majority or everybody else believes it's true.
• APPEAL TO EMOTION - The use of emotive language can help sway the readers to side with the writer

  or to do what he says.
• APPEAL TO AUTHORITY - The writer needs to establish himself as an authority on the topic he is

  writing about by using facts, figures, and other proofs that would support his opinions or claims.
• LITERARY CRITICISM is the evaluation, analysis, description, or interpretation of literary works.
• CRITIQUE (verb) means to critically evaluate, analyze, or give careful judgment in which you give your

  opinion about a literary work.
• CRITIQUE (noun) is a detailed evaluation or analysis of a literary piece.
• A CRITIC is a person who judges, evaluates, or analyzes a literary piece.
• Structuralist/Formalist Approach – holds that the true meaning of a text can be determined only

  by analyzing the literary elements of the text and by understanding how these elements work

  together to form up a cohesive whole.
• Historical Approach – involves the understanding of the historical and cultural conditions that

  influence the production of literary work.
• Moralist Approach – to study literature from the moral/intellectual perspective is therefore to

  determine whether a work conveys a lesson or message and whether it can help readers lead better

  lives and improve their understanding of the world.
• Feminist Approach – focuses on female representation in literature, paying attention to female

  points of view, concerns, and values.
• Reader-Response Approach – argues that the meaning of a text is dependent upon the reader's

  response to it.
• Marxist Approach – It tries to understand how power, politics, and money play a role in literary

  texts and how these elements impact the society and characters in the text.