Bio Y10 MR Carter defs

Created by

Chiara JULIEN

Cards (24)

The differences of characteristics within a population is called variation. Can be due to genetics, the environment or a mix of the two.
Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA
What is DNA
An organic chemical that carries a set of genetic information for the development of an organism.
Genes
Are the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring
Chromosome is
Chromosomes are thread like structures found in the nuclei of cells that carries genetic information in the form of genes
Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.
Proteins
Are the building blocks of life
Nucleotides
Form the structure of DNA. They are each linked to a phosphate group and consist of a sugar and a base (GCAP)
Order (biggest to smallest)
Chromosomes 2. DNA 3. Genes 4. Nucleotide bases
Where are genes situated
On chromosomes
How many genes might there be on one chromosomes
Around 2,000
What are the two different stages of cell division 
Mitosis (growth) and Meiosis (making sex cells, gametes)
What are the bonds in DNA
Covalent and hydrogen bonds
What do covalent bonds connect
The backbone: The phosphate to the sugar and the sugar to the base
What do hydrogen bonds connect
They link the two base pairs (GC with three hydrogen bonds and AT with two hydrogen bonds)
Pyrimidine
one ring and CUT (cytosine, uracil and thymine)
Purine (pure = babies)
GAGA ( two rings) Guanine x2 and Adenine x2
Each strand of DNA is a polynucleotide since it is made up of a number of individual nucleotides
DNA main three components
The five carbon sugar, the phosphate group and 1/4 nitrogenous bases (GCAT)
How many hydrogen bonds does Thymine have?
Two
What do proteins consist of?
Amino acids
How many bases of DNA are needed to code for 1 amino acid?
3 bases since 4 to the power of 3 is 64 codes (1 base is 4 codes)
Why is it good to have multiple codes for 1 amino acid
Incase of a genetic mutation
What are the Pyrimidine nucleotides 
CUT: Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine