Exam 2

• what treatment is done for advanced laryngeal cancer?

  total laryngectomy
• when are wound drains removed?

  when secretions are minimal or less than 30mL for 48 hours
• what are patients with ng tubes and nasotracheal tubes at risk for?

  developing sinus infections
• what is important teaching for a patient with a new stoma from a laryngectomy?

  stoma care and using humidification to prevent crusting around the stoma
• what is the function of the pharynx?

  supports respiratory and digestive systems
• what is the function of the larynx?

  voice box
• what is the incubation period for herpes simplex 1?

  2-12 days
• what is guaifenesin?

  mucinex
• what is an early clinical indicator of cancer of the larynx?

  hoarseness for more than 2 weeks
• what does excessive bubbling in the water seal chamber for a chest tube indicate?

  leaks in the system
• when are endotracheal tubes only placed for a max of 2-3 weeks?

  it can damage the lining of the windpipe
• what do the results of a mantoux skin test indicate?

  Tuberculosis

  <4 is negative

  >5-10 is at risk

  >10 is positive
• what intervention is indicated for a patient with pneumonia and thick secretions?

  increased fluid intake to liquify secretions
• what is a pneumothorax?

  Collapsed lung
• what auscultation indicated a right pneumothorax?

  abscense of breath sounds in the right thorax
• what are the signs and symptoms of chronic respiratory failure?

  loss of lung function is progressive, irreversible, and associated with a chronic disease
• what are adventitious breath sounds?

  Abnormal respiratory sounds such as crackles, rhonchi and wheezes
• when should patients be suctioned following tracheostomy?

  when adventitious sounds are auscultated
• how often do you check for secretions when a patient is on mechanical ventilation?

  every 2-4 hours
• how is postural drainage implemented?

  by remaining in each position for 10-15 minutes
• what are symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

  sputum and productive cough
• what test result is associated with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

  elevated sweat chroide concentration
• what are signs of oxygen toxicity?

  dyspnea, restlessness, substernal discomfort
• what is cor pulmonale?

  right sided heart failure due to lung disease
• what is the goal for oxygen therapy in COPD?

  PaO2 of at least 60 and SaO2 of 90%
• what nursing diagnosis is most common for chronic respiratory disorder?

  anxiety
• what accounts for the majority of COPD cases?

  exposure to tobacco smoke
• what are the stages of COPD?

  stage 0-at risk

  stage 1-mild COPD

  stage 2-moderate COPD

  stage 3-severe COPD

  stage 4-very severe COPD
• what type of response is the predisposition for developing asthma?

  IgE-mediated
• What protective response begins with B lymphocytes?

  humoral
• what is the first line of defense?

  the phagocytic response involving WBC ingesting the foreign particles
• what is the second line of defense?

  humoral response with B lymphocytes that manufacture antibodies
• what is the third line of defense?

  cellular immune response involving T lymphocytes that kill the pathogens
• how does naturally acquired active immunity occur?

  Exposure to a specific microorganism
• how does artificially acquired active immunity occur?

  Vaccination
• how does passive immunity develop?

  Antibodies from another source are given to a susceptible individual
• what factor increases older adults to risk of respiratory infection?

  impaired ciliary action as a result of exposure to environmental toxins
• what is an allergic disorder?

  a hyperimmune response to something in the environment that is usually harmless
• what is the best diet to maximize immune function in healthy people?

  a moderate diet that is balance and varied
• what is ataxia?

  Ataxia is a neurological disorder that affects coordination and balance associated with the loss of control of body movements