Chapter 16: Imaging of the Intrauterine Device

• Chorioamnionitis:


  Serious condition in pregnancy women in which membranes that surround the fetus and the amniotic fluid are infected by bacteria
• Cornu:

  Horn-shaped anatomical structure (such as the uterus); the uterine cornua are where the uterus and fallopian tubes meet
• IUCD displacement:

  IUCD that is rotated from the normal position or located within the lower uterine segment or cervix or lacks deployment of wings
• IUCD embedment:

  Penetration of the IUCD into the myometrium, but not through the serosa
• IUCD expulsion:

  Located either partially or completely through the external cervical os
• IUCD fragmentation:

  IUCD that has been broken during expulsion or removal
• IUCD incrustation:

  the formation of calcium deposits on or near the IUCD, demonstrated as uneven echoes surrounding the normal IUCD echoes
• Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD):

  Product inserted into the uterine cavity as a mechanism to prevent pregnancy and/or deliver hormones
• Levonorgestrel IUD:

  An ICUD with synthetic progesterone embedded in a reservoir surrounding the shaft
• Ovicidal:


  Relating to or causing the death of an ovum
• IUCD perforation:

  Penetration of the IUCD through the myometrium and serosa, either partially or completely with potential migration into the intraperitoneal cavity
• Radiopaque:


  Material or tissue that blocks the passage of x-rays, with a bone or near-bone density; a radiopaque structure is white on x-rays
• Transcervical occlusion device:

  Form of permanent contraception using metallic coils or a silicone plug to obstruct the fallopian tubes
• What are some non-contraceptive uses of the IUCD ?

  Menorrhagia treatment, decrease in anemia, improved dysmenorrhea, fibroids, endometriosis, reduction of endometrial hyperplasia, adenomyosis, or being unable to use other types of birth control
• What are some IUD use contraindications ?

  Pregnancy, nulliparity in a women less than 20, infection after delivery (puerperal sepsis), post-septic abortion, untreated endometrial or cervical cancer, abnormal uterine cavity, intact IUCD, allergies/sensitivity to device, or having any of the following: STD, cervicitis, PID, or gestational trophoblastic disease
• What are the two IUCD types ?

  Nonhormonal copper containing and hormone releasing
• What is the normal sonographic appearance of an IUCD ?

  centrally located bright, echogenic structure
• What is the sonogrpahic appearance of the chinese ring ?

  Echogenic circular device
• What is the sonographic appearance of copper T/copper 7 IUCD ?

  Hyperechoic in areas with copper and hypoechoic frame
• What is the sonographic appearance of a Lippes Loop IUCD ?

  Posterior shadowing; echogenic curved structure within the endometrium
• What is the sonographic appearance of the LNG IUD ?

  hypoechoic to mildly echogenic stems; echogenic proximal and distal shaft
• What does the copper IUD look like sonographically ?

  Strong posterior shadowing; parallel structures; posterior shadowing and reverberation
• What does the retrieval string look like on ultrasound ?

  Echogenic linear structure
• What does embedment look like on ultrasound ?

  IUD protruding into myometrium
• What does expulsion look like on ultrasound ?

  IUD is partially or complete migration through external os of cervix
• What does a displaced IUD look like on ultrasound ?

  IUD is malpositioned through placement or migration/rotation
• What does a perforated IUD look like on ultrasound ?

  Complete or partial protrusion through the myometrium and serosa of the uterus
• What are the two types of transcervical tubal occlusion devices ?

  Coil and silicone
• What are some consequences of having an IUD while pregnant ?

  Increases chances of spontaneous abortion, bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, heterotopic, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery, and fetal congenital malformations