Q3 WK 1 science

• The primary function of the human reproductive system is to produce sex cells
• When male and female sex cells unite, an offspring grows and develops with genetic characteristics of both parents
• The reproductive system is closely associated with the nervous system and endocrine system
• The male reproductive system functions:

  • Producing, maintaining, and transporting sperm and protective fluid (semen)
  • Discharging sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
  • Producing and secreting male sex hormones
• The female reproductive system functions:

  • Producing female egg cells necessary for reproduction
  • Conception, pregnancy, and menstruation
  • Producing female sex hormones maintaining the reproductive cycle
• • Bulbourethral gland: produces a fluid in semen for lubrication
• Male reproductive system parts and functions:

  • Penis: cylindrical shape organ that becomes erect during sexual stimulation
  • Scrotum: loose pouch-like sac of skin acting as a "climate control system" for the testes
  • Testicles: responsible for making testosterone and generating sperm
  • Epididymis: transports and stores sperm cells to maturity
  • Vas deferens: transports mature sperm to the urethra
  • Urethra: carries urine and ejaculates semen
  • Seminal Vesicles: produce a sugar-rich fluid for sperm energy
  • Prostate Gland: produces fluids to nourish sperm
• Female reproductive system parts and functions:

  • Clitoris: site of female sexual stimulation
  • Labia Majora: large folds of tissue containing sweat and sebaceous glands
  • Labia Minora: small folds protecting female external genitals
  • Vulva: external female genitalia surrounding the opening to the vagina
  • Ovaries: produce and develop egg cells
• Hormones are chemicals that stimulate or regulate the activity of cells or organs
• Primary hormones involved in the male reproductive system are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone
• At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

  • Pituitary gland releases FSH and LH into the male system
  • FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to facilitate spermatogenesis
  • LH stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone
  • Testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis and secondary sexual characteristics
  • Negative feedback system inhibits the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH
  • Sertoli cells produce inhibin to inhibit the release of GnRH and FSH
• Sertoli cells produce the hormone inhibin, which is released into the blood when the sperm count is too high
• Inhibin inhibits the release of GnRH and FSH, causing spermatogenesis to slow down
• Control of reproduction in females is more complex and includes functions such as menstruation, pregnancy, and egg cell production
• During childhood, GnRH levels are low, but as puberty hits, GnRH levels begin to rise
• Estrogen is the reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption
• Progesterone assists in endometrial regrowth and inhibits FSH and LH release
• Estradiol and Progesterone are steroid hormones that prepare the body for pregnancy
• Estradiol produces secondary sex characteristics in females, while both estradiol and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle
• FSH stimulates the development of egg cells (ova) in follicles in the ovaries
• Follicle cells produce inhibin, which inhibits FSH production
• LH plays a role in the development of ova, induction of ovulation, and stimulation of estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries
• Testosterone affects the male reproductive system by causing Leydig cells to make testosterone
• Hormones affect the female reproductive system by signaling the ovaries to produce estradiol and progesterone
• 1. Which of the statements below describesthe ovaries?Site of female sexual stimulationb. Two small folds of skinc. Hollow muscular organd. Almond-sized structures

  d. Almond-sized structures
• 1. 2. Which hormone causes the re-growth of theendometrial lining of the uterus?Testosterone c. GnRHb. Progesterone d. Estrogen

  b. Progesterone
• 1. 3. What will happen if GnRH productionis blocked?Sperm production will increaseb. FSH level will decreasec. LH level will increased. Inhibin will decrease

  b. FSH level will decrease
• 1. 4. Which of the statements below describesthe penis?Cylindrical shape organb. Long, coiled tubec. Walnut-sized structuresd. Sac-like pouches

  Cylindrical shape organ
• 1. 5. Why are the testicles located outside themale body?There is no extra space inside thebodyb. More sperms may be producedc. Production requires a controlledtemperature lower than the bodyd. For a faster movement of the sperm

  c. Production requires a controlledtemperature lower than the body
• 1. 6.Which hormone causes Leydig cells tomake testosterone?Follicle-Stimulating Hormoneb. Luteinizing hormonec. Inhibind. Estrogen

  b. Luteinizing hormone
• 1. 7. Which hormone causes FSH and LH tobe released?Testosterone c. Estrogenb. GnRH d. Progesterone

  b. GnRH
• 1. 8. Which hormone signals ovulation?FSH c. Inhibinb. LH d. Estrogen

  b. LH
• 1. 9. In what organ does sperm maturationoccur?Epididymis c. Testesb. Vas Deferens d. Prostate Gland

  Epididymis