2a. Water and carbs

Created by

Mabel smith

Cards (32)

Water is dipolar what does this mean
Oxygen has a slightly negative charge and hydrogen has a slightly positive charge
What is a hydrogen bond
When the neg oxygen is attracted to positive hydrogen producing a weak bond that are strong in high amounts
What are the 5 properties of water
High specific heat
high latent heat
strong cohesions and surface tension
solvent
metabolite
Why is it important that water is a metabolite
Involved in metabolic reactions like hydrolysis
Why is it important that water is a solvent
Metabolic reactions occur much quicker
Why is it important water has strong cohesion and surface tension
Allows water to move in continuous columns during transpiration
Why is it important that water has large latent heat of vaporisation
Sweating is effective way of cooling down
Why is it important that water has a high specific heat capacity
Provides a stable aquatic environment that is buffered against temp change
What is a polymer
A molecule made of many monomers
What is a monosaccharide
Soluble and sweet eg glucose
Glucose is a hexose sugar, what does this mean
It contains 6 carbons.
What is the structure of alpha glucose
OH is in downward position
What is the structure of beta glucose
OH is in upward position
How are disaccharides formed
A condensation reaction where water is produced
What bond forms when two glucose molecules bind
Glycosidic
What is sucrose made of
Glucose and fructose
What is a polysaccharide
Repeating chain of monosaccharide
What are the three polysaccharides you need to know
Cellulose
starch
glycogen
What is starch made of
Alpha glucose
What is the structure of starch
Glycosidic bonds
anylopectin and amylose
coiled and compact
branched
How is the structure of starch related to function
Branched - quickly hydrolysed back into maltose and then glucose
coiled - can store lots in small area
What is the structure of glycogen
Very branched
glycosidic bonds
Why is glycogen a good energy storage molecule
Large and insoluble
quickly hydrolysed
compact
What is cellulose made from
Beta glucose
How do two beta glucose molecules bind
The molecule on the left flips over
Structure of cellulose
Straight unbranched chains
hydrogen bonds form cross linkages
group to from microfibrils and then macrofibrils which provide strength.
Biochemical test for starch
Iodine
goes from orange to blue black
Biochemical test for reducing sugars
Benedict’s solution is added (blue)
heated
if the sugar is present it turns red
Biochemical test for non reducing sugars
boil a fresh sample with dilute acid
neutralise the acid with an alkali
reheat with Benedict’s
if a non reducing sugar was present it will turn green yellow or red
Why do we boil a sample with acid when testing for non reducing sugar
Hydrolyses the non reducing sugar if present into its monosaccharides
Problems with Benedict’s test
Non specific
subjective
What are the four ions you need to know
Hydrogen
iron
phosphate
sodium