Enlightenment and scientific revolution

• "God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge...and to be judged (by) none...And the like power have kings;..."

  Theory of divine right
• Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?

  The power of the government is derived from the governed.
• What was a major cause of the French Revolution?

  inequalities in the tax structure
• What process did Newton, Galileo and Kepler use to increase knowledge?

  scientific method
• Montesquieu, Locke and Rousseau heavily influenced the writing of what document?

  United States Constitution
• How did the ideas of the Scientific Revolution spread throughout Europe and to the Americas?


  Monastery schools taught the latest scientific theory.
• How did the Roman Catholic Church respond to the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

  It attempted to silence scientists by labeling them heretics.
• How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?

  It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
• Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins are best known for

  instituting the Reign of Terror
• Why did 17th Century scholars Galileo Galilei and Rene Descartes face serious challenges to their scientfic theories?

  Their ideas contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs
• How are the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment similar?

  encouraged the spread of new ideas
• "Kings sit upon God's throne and rule according to God's law."

  This statement would most likely have been made by a person who believed in what concept?

  absolutism
• Which factors protected Russia from control by Napoleon's army?

  geographic size and location
• According to John Locke, what is the chief role of government?

  To protect, life, liberty and property
• What were the writers of the Enlightenment primarily interested in?

  changing the relationship between people and their government
• One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) was to


  establish a balance of power in Europe after thedefeat of Napoleon
• Belief in the ideas of the Enlightenment and discontent within the Third Estate were causes of the French Revolution.


  True
• Which statement expresses an idea of the Enlightenment?

  People form a social contract with government
• Influenced by the French Revolution, Toussaint L'Ouverture led a successful rebellion by which group in Haiti?


  The slaves who made up almost the entire population
• At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to


  restore old regimes to power
• "When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates [government officials], there can be no liberty; because apprehensions [fears] may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner. . . .

  
  

  - Baron de Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws

  Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

  separating the branches of government
• Which statement expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau?

  Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is the duty of every government to preserve and protect these natural inalienable rights.
• -willingness to question tradition

  -increased curiosity about the world

  -desire for knowledge due to Crusades and exploration

  
  

  Which heading best completes the outline above?

  Scientific Revolution
• The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of which of the following?


  the natural rights of man
• "If man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will he give up his freedom? Why will he put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve his life, liberty, and property."

  --John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690

  What idea does this statement support?

  formation of government based on a social contract
• Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?

  The scientific method was used to solve problems.
• Why did European monarchs of the 1600s say that they should have absolute power?

  They had been given their power to govern from God.
• -Bankruptcy of the treasury

  -Tax burden on the Third Estate

  -Inflation

  -Abuses of the Old Regime

  Which revolution was caused by the factors listed above?

  French
• Which of the following was caused by the scientific revolution?

  improvements in medicine and scientific instruments
• "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

  The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of

  John Locke
• Which is a characteristic of the 18th century scientific revolution?

  the use of observation and experimentation
• What was one idea that John Locke contributed to Enlightenment philosophy?

  governments should be based on the consent of the governed
• What is the most accurate statement about Louis XVI at the time of the Revolution?

  He was a weak and indecisive leader
• Which issue was a cause of the French Revolution?

  demand of the Third Estate for more political power
• According to English philosopher John Locke, what are "life, liberty, and property"?

  natural rights that should be protected by government
• Why did the Roman Catholic Church fear the Scientific Revolution?

  It feared that the church would lose its moral authority.
• Which statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment?

  All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.