General Biology 1 - The Cell

• Animal Cells are smaller.
• Animal Cells have no cell wall.
• Animal Cells has the nucleus in the center.
• Animal Cells have many vacuoles.
• Animal Cells cannot synthesis nutrients.
• Animal Cells do not have plasmodesmata.
• Plant Cells are larger.
• Plant Cells have cell wall.
• Plant Cells has the nucleus in the side.
• Plant Cells has only one vacuole.
• Plant Cells synthesizes nutrients.
• Plant Cells have plasmodesmata.
• Cell Membrane gives shape to the cell. It is also known as the "gatekeeper" and holds the cell together.
• Nuclear Membrane controls what passes in and out of the cell. It is also known as the "nuclear envelope". It has many holes called "nuclear pores".
• Nucleus directs or regulates all cell activities. It is also known as the "Brain or Control Center of the Cell".
• Chromatin is composed of DNA which contains the information for the production of proteins.
• Nucleolus is the prominent round structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes.
• Nucleoplasm is the semi-fluid substance inside the nucleus, it contains the genetic material and the nucleolus.
• Chromosomes are responsible for storing up heredity information. These are mainly made up of DNA and protein molecules.
• Cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid that fills a cell located outside the nucleus.
• Ribosome is a tiny, grainy structures attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Mitochondria is a rod-shaped, center respiration of a cell. It is also known as the "Powerhouse of the Cell".
• Lysosomes help the cell digest food, waste and worn out cell parts. It is also known as the "Stomach of the Cell".
• Golgi Apparatus acts as the protein packaging factory of the cell. It packages the proteins made by the ribosomes so it can be sent out of the cell.
• Vacuole holds food, water, and waste for the cell. It is also known as the "Storage Tank for the Cell".
• Centrosome maintains equal distribution of chromosomes and daughter cells.
• Microtubules are filamentous intracellular structure responsible for various kinds of movement in all eukaryotic cells.
• Microfilaments are responsible for muscle contraction due to high concentration.
• Centrioles function in cell reproduction.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum is the transportation network of the cell. It moves materials around the cell.
• Smooth ER produces and digest lipids and membrane proteins.
• Rough ER is a membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes.
• Cytoskeleton is a network of fibers made up of microtubules and microfilament.
• Cell Wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell and is made up of cellulose. It provides rigidity, strength and protection.
• Plastids store products like starch for synthesis of fatty acids.
• Chromoplasts contains carothene, xantophyll and anthocyanin.
• Leucoplastids serves as storage for starch and contain enzymes used in converting glucose to starch.
• Chloroplasts is a site for photosynthesis in a plant cell.
• Plasmodesmata provides communication between cells or a pathway for intracellular transfer of molecules.
• Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.