Organ Systems

• Heterotroph: any organism that obtains its nutrients by consuming other organisms
• Main types of nutrients that humans are grouped into:

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids/fats and oils
  4. Vitamins and minerals
• Food travel order:

  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small Intestine
  5. Large Intestine
  6. Rectum
  7. Anus
• Carbohydrates: main source of energy in the human diet. They are the simpliest in glucose.
• Proteins: Main structural component of most living parts of your body. They are needed for growth and repair.
• Lipids: Key energy source but also transports vitamins throughout the body. Helps to protect organs inside our bodies from impact.
• Vitamins and minerals: Essential for the functioning of our body. Ones we can’t make ourselves, are in the foods we eat.
• The digestive system role is to quire all of the nutrients the body needs.
• Mechanical digestion: Involves physical changes. Physically breaks food into smaller components. This does not change the chemical structure of the food.
• Examples of mechanical digestion.

  1. Tongue
  2. Teeth
  3. Bile - emulsify (break up) fats
• Chemical digestion: enzymes (special chemicals) break food down into its most basic chemical components.
• Bolus: A lump of partially digested food
• Food travels in a specific order.
• Carbohydrates examples: rice, bread, pasta.
• Protein examples: meat, eggs, seads
• Lipids example: butter, oil, fatty foods.
• Vitamins and Minerals examples: vitamin c, vitamin b, water
• Digestion: breaking apart food we eat. It takes about two to three days.
• Our bodies need food for nutrients.
• Esophagus: when food becomes a soft mass, mouth pushes it into the back of it. The Esophagus squeezes the food into the stomach.
• Mucus: a thin lining around the stomach to protect it from the acids used to break down food.
• Chyme: after four hours, food becomes a milkshake like substance which we call chyme. This chyme moves into the small intestine.
• Small intestine is around seven metres long. It is a long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine.
• Duodenum: digestive juices from liver/pancreas that breakdown food into molecules.
• Villi: absorbs nutrients from chyme as it flows by.
• Large intestine (colon): absorbs water out of chyme. This process is called absorbation and keeps us hydrated.
• Rectum: once enough waste matter in connected, we are ready to empty it out. This is the final part of the digestive system process.
• Anus: opening at the end of our rectum where solid waste leaves our body.
• This is the digestive system.

  A) Mouth

  B) Salivary glands

  C) Esophagus

  D) Liver

  E) Stomach

  F) Pancreas

  G) Small intestine

  H) Large intestine

  I) Anus

  
• Carnivore: a consumer (heterotroph) that feeds on animal matter
• Omnivore: an organism that eats a variety of plants and animal matter
• Herbivore: A consumer (heterotroph) that feeds on plant matter
• Chyme is partially digested food after leaving the stomach.
• Peristalsis: A wave-like contraction of muscles that pushes food along
• Enzyme: A protein to help speed up chemical reactions
• Saliva: a liquid secreted by the digestive system to lubricate a bolus of food
• Saliva contains enzymes to assist chemical digestion
• Artery: Any vessel that carries blood away from the heart
• Vein: Any vessel that carries blood to the heart
• Without the circulatory system, none of the other organ systems would be able to function.