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• Gravida: A woman who is pregnant
• Gravidity: Pregnancy
• Nulligravida: A woman who has never been pregnant and is not currently pregnant
• Primigravida: A woman who is pregnant for the first time
• Multigravida: A woman who has had two or more pregnancies
• Parity: The number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks of gestation or more, not the number of fetuses born
• Parity is not affected by whether the fetus is born alive or is stillborn
• Nullipara: A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached at least 20 weeks of gestation
• Primipara: A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached 20 weeks of gestation or more
• Multipara: A woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or more
• Preterm: A pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks 0 days of gestation
• Late preterm: A pregnancy that has reached between 34 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation
• Early term: A pregnancy that has reached between 37 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation
• Full term: A pregnancy that has reached between 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days of gestation
• Late term: A pregnancy that has reached between 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days of gestation
• Postterm: A pregnancy that has reached 42 weeks 0 days and beyond of gestation
• Viability: The capacity to live outside the uterus; there are no clear limits of gestational age or weight
• Infants born at 22–25 weeks of gestation are considered to be on the threshold of viability and are especially vulnerable to brain injury if they survive
• • Sources of folate: Liver, legumes, peas, beans, lentils, asparagus, spinach, papaya, breakfast cereal
• • Fetal Presentation: the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal during labor at term
• • Fetal Lie: the relation of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the mother 
• • Fetal Attitude: the relation of the fetal body parts to one another 
• • Fetal Position: relationship of a reference point on the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis 
• • Fetal Station: measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal 
• • Engagement: term used to indicate that the largest transverse diameter of the presenting part (usually the biparietal diameter) has passed through the maternal pelvic brim or inlet into the true pelvis and usually corresponds to 0 station 
• Primary powers = involuntary uterine contractions
• Secondary powers: bearing-down efforts
• • Effacement = shortening and thinning of the cervix during the first stage of labor
• • Dilation = enlargement or widening of the cervical opening and the cervical canal that normally occurs once labor has begun. 
• • First stage onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation of the cervix
• Second stage - from the time the cervix is fully dilated to the birth of the infant
• Third stage - from the birth of the infant until the placenta is delivered
• fourth stage- begins with the delivery of the placenta and  lasts until the woman’s condition is considered stable in the immediate postpartum period
• ferguson reflex = maternal urge to bear down
• • Chorionic villi: finger-like projections develop out of the trophoblast and extend into the blood-filled spaces of the endometrium; vascular processes that obtain oxygen and nutrients from the maternal bloodstream and dispose of carbon dioxide and waste products into the maternal blood.
• trophoblast - gives rise to the placenta
• embryoblast- gives rise to the embryo
• • Acrosome: a cap on the sperm 
• • Capacitation: removal of sperm’s protective coating 
• Fertilization – takes place in the (ampulla) outer third of the fallopian (uterine) tube within 24 hours of ovulation and results in the formation of the zygote by the fusion of male and female pronuclei.