Tests for Anions

• Anion

  Negatively charged ion
• Test for carbonate ions

  React substance with dilute hydrochloric acid

  If it contains carbonate ions it will produce carbon dioxide

  Collect the gas and bubble it through limewater

  If it turns cloudy its carbon dioxide meaning the original susbtance contained carbonate ions
• Test for sulfate ions

  Dilute hydrochloric acid

  Add barium chloride solution

  If sulfate ions are present it will form a white precipitate of barium sulfate
• Test for halide ions

  React solution with nitric acid to remove any carbonate ions or sulfate ions

  Add silver nitrate solution

  White precipitate=Chloride ions

  Cream precipitate=Bromide ions

  Yellow precipitate=Iodide ions