Characterises of phobias, depression and ocd

• Phobias:

  • Extreme and irrational fear of an object or situation
  • Common phobias include Arachnophobia (fear of spiders) and Claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces)
  • Behavioral characteristics include avoidance of phobic objects and physical displays of panic
  • Emotional characteristics include anxiety and fear
  • Cognitive characteristics include exaggerated beliefs in the harm the phobic object could cause
• Depression:

  • Mood disorder characterized by a constant and long-lasting sense of sadness
  • Behavioral characteristics include lethargy, anhedonia, poor personal hygiene, and changes in eating behavior
  • Emotional characteristics include persistent low mood, guilt, helplessness, and feelings of worthlessness
  • Cognitive characteristics include poor concentration and negative schemas
• OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder):

  • Anxiety disorder defined by obsessions (intrusive constant thoughts) and compulsions (behavioral responses to obsessions)
  • Behavioral characteristics include checking behaviors, ritual cleaning behaviors, and avoidance
  • Emotional characteristics include extreme anxiety and depression
  • Cognitive characteristics include obsessions, hyper vigilance, and selective attention