AO3

• A problem with Bowlby’s theory is that it may be faulty. For example, the study does not control extraneous variables which could account for later emotional problems, not the maternal separation itself. The initial reasons for the separation are not identified which may have caused the affectionless psychopathy not the separations. Theory may lack validity.
• He based his theory on methodically flawed research on orphans who had been raised in poor orphanages. The research implied that those that remained orphans until age 12 (and so had lack of maternal care) had much lower IQs compared to those who were fostered by 4 months. However, these findings are more likely to be due to being in a poor and badly staffed orphanage with limited intellectual stimulation. Theory may be invalid.
• There is evidence to contradict Bowlby’s ideas regarding a critical period. Czechoslovakian twin boys were locked up in a cellar from 18 months-7 years after their mother had died. Despite not having a warm and continuous relationship with a mother before the age of 2 they developed normal social and emotional functioning and above average IQs. His concept of deprivation during critical period leading to irreversible damage is incorrect.
• His hypothesis led to practical applications. Hospital policies changed to allow parents to stay in hospital with their sick children as his work focused on the importance of continuous relationship with mother/caregiver. Therefore, his theory has been beneficial.