MICROPARA WEEK 1-2

• Germ, derived from the greek word Germen: to sprout or germinate
• Microbiology: study of organisms too small to be seen by the naked

  eye.
• Growth Curve: refers to the phases of growth of the bacterial

  population.
• MICROBES OF MICROORGANISMS: BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUS, PROTOZOA
• BACTERIA: Are prokaryotic organisms with no nucleus or nuclear

  membrane in their cells.
• BACTERIA: It takes the form of rods (bacilli), spheres (cocci), or spirals (spirals) (spirilla or spirochetes).
• BACTERIA: It reproduces through binary fission, has unique ingredients in its cell walls, and can be found in nearly all of the world’s ecosystems.
• BACTERIA: It can survive in temperatures ranging 0° to 100°C and in oxygen-rich or oxygen-depleted environments
• FUNGUS: Eukaryotic microorganisms such as multicellular molds and unicellular (single-celled) yeasts are classified as fungi.
• The fungi prefer acidic surroundings, and the majority

  of them can survive at ambient temperature in an

  oxygen-rich environment. A fungus is what the

  common mushroom is.
• PROTOZOA: Are unicellular eukaryotic creatures.
• PROTOZOA: protozoa can be classed according to how they move: some protozoa have flagella, whereas others have cilia or pseudopodia.
• PROTOZOA: Because they lack cell walls, protozoa can take on an unlimited number of shapes.
• ALGAE: Refers to a wide range of plant-like creatures.
• ALGAE: Their cells are surrounded by cell walls made of cellulose, a type of carbohydrate.
• VIRUSES: Are tiny amounts of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein shell and, occasionally, a membranous envelope.
• VIRUSES: lack metabolism
• VIRUSES: reproduce in living cells & utilize cells’ machinery for

  their own purposes.
• VIRUSES: In the process of duplicating, they

  frequently damage the cells.
• BACTERIOPHAGES: A special type that virus that infects primarily

  bacteria.
• Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) develop taxonomic

  system for naming plants and animals and grouping

  similar organisms together.
• Leeuwenhoek’s microorganisms grouped into six

  categories as follows: Fungi, Protozoa, Algae,

  Bacteria, Archaea and small animals
• BACTERIOLOGY: study of bacteria
• MYCOLOGY: Study of fungi, such as yeasts and molds
• VIROLOGY: Study of viruses
• PARASITOLOGY: Study of parasitic protozoans and helminths
• PARASITOLOGY: Study of parasites.
• IMMUNOLOGY: Study of humoral and cellular immune response to

  disease agents and allergens.
• IMMUNOLOGY: study of immune system.
• IMMUNOLOGY: It looks at the relationships between pathogens such as bacteria and their hosts.
• NEMATOLOGY: Bridge systems biology and microbiology.
• ASTRO MICROBIOLOGY: Study of microorganisms in outer space.
• BIOLOGICAL AGENT: Study of those microorganisms which are being used in weapon industries.
• NANO MICROBIOLOGY: Study of those microscopic organisms on nano level
• PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY: Quantification of relations between controlling factors in foods and responses of pathogenic and spoilage

  microorganisms using mathematical modeling.
• PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY: Study of microorganisms that involved in the manufacturing of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins,

  vaccines and other pharmaceutical goods that cause

  pharmaceutical contamination and spoil
• INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY: Explore microbes for use in industrial processes.
• AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY: Use of microbes to increase crop and livestock yield
• INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY: This field also includes

  brewing, an important application of microbiology.
• Plant Microbiology and Plant Pathology: Study of the interactions between microorganisms and plants and plant pathogens.