Anthropollogy

• Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings, their origins, development, behavior, culture, society, language, and biology.
• Grading system:

  • Activities: 10%
  • Quizzes: 15%
  • SHSA: 10%
  • PeTa: 40%
  • Final exam: 25%
• Things to remember:

  • Punctuality is a must
  • Be active, if not, be present
  • You can do anything that would not disrupt the class
  • Your performance reflects your grades
• Importance of understanding culture, society, and politics:

  • CULTURE:
  • Why do we need to understand culture?
  • SOCIETY:
  • Why do we need to understand society?
  • POLITICS:
  • Why do we need to understand politics?
  • How important are culture, society, and politics in our modern world?
• Anthropology:

  • Includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change, and world history
  • Study of humankind and all places
  • Goals:
  • Discover what makes people different from one another to understand and preserve diversity
  • Discover what all people have in common
  • Look at one's own culture more objectively like an outsider
  • Produce new knowledge and theories about humankind and human behavior
• Fields of Anthropology:

  • Cultural Anthropology: study of living people and their cultures with description and analysis of their social lives from the past and present
  • Linguistic Anthropology: study of communication among humans including origins, history, and contemporary variation
  • Archaeology: study of past human cultures through their material remains
  • Biological Anthropology: study of humans as biological organisms including evolution and contemporary variation
• Political Science:

  • Academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors
  • Study of the complex behavior of various political actors such as government administration, opposition, and subjects
  • Systematic study of political and government institutions and processes
  • Politics: art and science of governing city/state, social process or strategy in any position of control where people gain, use, or lose power
• • Government: agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out, organized agency in a state tasked to impose social control, group of people that governs a community or unit
• Differentiation between Politics and Government:

  • Government refers to the established legislative and executive departments of a nation or state
  • Politics is a broad term related to power sharing in any organization
  • Politics is an idea while government is the concrete realization of that idea
• THE BOAT IS SINKING!!!
• ROUND 1


  GROUP YOURSELVES INTO 7
• ROUND 2


  GROUP YOURSELVES INTO 5
• ROUND 3


  GROUP YOURSELVES INTO 3
• ROUND 4


  GROUP YOURSELVES INTO 2
• Socialization


  A lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn the culture
• Enculturation


  The process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture
• Goals of Socialization


  • Teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience
  • Teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain social roles
  • Cultivates shared sources of meaning and value
• Looking Glass-Self Theory (Charles Horton Cooley)


  A person's sense of self is actually derived from the perception of others as we perceive ourselves on how other people think of us
• Role-taking Theory (George Herbert Mead)


  The development of social awareness is traced to our early social interaction
• Stages of Development of the Social Mind

  1. Imitation

  2. Play

  3. Game

  4. Generalized Others
• Identity Formation


  The development of an individual's distinct personality, which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person is recognized or known
• Different types of Identity

  • Cultural identity
  • Ethnic identity
  • National identity
  • Religious identity
  • Master identity
• Norm


  A rule that guides the behavior of members of a society or group
• Different Kinds of Norms

  • Proscriptive norms
  • Prescriptive norms
  • Mores
  • Folkways
• Values


  Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful, and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
• Status


  A social position that a person holds, which can be either ascribed or achieved
• Role


  The behavior of someone who holds a particular status
• Role-related concepts


  • Role set
  • Role strain
  • Role manipulation
  • Impression management
• Deviance


  Behavior that violates expected rules and norms
• Theoretical Perspectives of Deviance

  • Structural Strain Theory
  • Labeling Theory
  • Social Control Theory