Organic molecules

Created by

Nosipho Shabangu

Cards (16)

Organic molecule  
Molecules containing carbon atoms
Molecular formula  
A chemical formula that indicates the element and number if each atom in a molecule
Structural formula  
An illustration of which atoms are attached to which within a molecule. Atoms are represent by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent all the bonds that hold the atoms together
Condensed structural formula  
Shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in a molecule but does not show all the bond lines
Functional group  
A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds
Hydrocarbons  
Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only
Homologous series  
A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula or in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group
Saturated compounds  
Compounds in which there are only single bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrogen chains
Unsaturated compounds
Compounds in which more than 1 bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrogen chains
Functional groups
Alkane - single bonds between c atoms
Alkene - double bonds between c atoms
Alkynes - triple bonds between c atoms
Haloalkanes - halogen atom bonded to c atom in an alkane
Alcohols - hydroxyl group
Aldehydes - formyl group
Ketone - Carbonyl group
Carboxylix acid - carboxyl group
Chain isomers  
Same molecular formula but different types of chains
Positional isomers  
Same molecular formula, but different positions of side chain, substitute Tsotsi or functional groups on the parent chain
Functional isomers
Same molecular formula, but different functional groups
Functional isomer of aldehyde
Ketone
Functional isomer of carboxylic acid
Ester
Why is a water bath used in esterification?  
-Methanol is highly flammable
-To gradually increase the temperature
-The alcohol will evaporate too quickly