STS

• A psychological theory that attempts to explain the social factors that influence how individuals interact within a reciprocal relationship

  Social exchange theory
• "love of wisdom"

  Philosophy
• greek word, means wisdom

  "sophos"
• greek word, "love"

  philo
• A person; Thinks about the meaning of things and interpretation of that meaning.

  Philosophers
• asks about "What is the nature of existence"

  Ontology
• What is the nature of existence; the rightness and wrongness of actions

  Ethics
• study of knowledge.

  Epistemology
• Origin and organization of the universe

  Cosmology
• A type of logic, general to specific

  Deductive
• specific facts to generalization

  Inductive
• All dogs have ears; golden retrievers are dogs, therefore they have ears. Deductive or Inductive?

  Deductive
• Human beings need to breathe to live. You're a human. You need to breathe to live. Deductive or Inductive

  Deductive
• deals with the so-called first principles of the natural order and "the ultimate generalizations available to the human intellect.

  Metaphysics
• Tackles the STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS; a science. Study of life

  Biology
• Three branches of PHILOSOPHY

  Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology/Ethics
• Concerned with reality and existence

  Metaphysics
• I get tired if I don't drink coffee. Coffee is addictive. I'm addicted to coffee. Deductive or Inductive

  Inductive
• This marble from the bag is black. That marble from the bag is black. A third marble from the bag is black. Therefore all the marbles in the bag black. Deductive or Inductive

  Inductive
• Proposes and rests on a common understanding of the laws of the universe

  Inductivism
• According to Inductivism, observable facts are _________

  Objective
• Asserts that “facts” are not always observable; Rejects the notion that facts are neutral and objective

  Hypothetico-deductvism
• Rejects the context of discovery; No specific number of confirmations will make any hypothesis true.rests on the premise that scientific theories are tentative.

  Falsificationism
• a publication that brought previous theories in the history and philosophy of science into a whole new context.

  "The Structures of Scientific Revolutions"
• who published "The Structures of Scientific Revolutions" in 1962,


  Thomas Kuhn
• Empirical method for acquiring knowledge


  Scientific Method
• Steps of scientific method (6 step, chronological)

  Problem, Research, Hypothesize, Experiment, Analyze, and Interpret
• A type of data collection; Diary accounts, in-depth interviews, documents, focus groups, case study research, and ethnography, open-ended surveys

  Qualitative Data Collection
• Data in qualitative data.


  Categorial variables
• Data in quantitative data

  Numerical variables
• Type of data collection; Laboratory and field experimentations, rating scales, closed survey questions such as “Yes” or “No”

  Quantitative Data Collection
• refers to how consistently a method measures something.

  Reliability
• Consistency of a measure across time

  Test-Retest Reliability
• The consistency of the measurement itself


  Internal consistency
• Consistency of a measure across raters or observers

  Interrater Reliability
• refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.

  Validity
• The extent to which a measurement method appears "on its face" to measure the construct of interest; E.g. IQ test

  Face Validity
• The extent to which the measurement covers all aspects of the concepts being measured. E.G. Comprehension Test

  Content validity
• Used to ensure that the measure is actual measure what it is intended to measure, and not the other variables.

  Construct Validity
• The extent to which scores on a measure are not correlated which measures of variables that are conceptually distinct.

  Discriminant Validity