communication

• Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice to convey meaning.
• Communication is the process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another.
• Why do people communicate?


  People communicate to share information, express emotions, build relationships, influence others, socialize, solve problems, express creativity, seek help and support, among other reasons.
• When do people communicate?


  People communicate constantly throughout their lives, in various situations such as during work, social interactions, family gatherings, emergencies, and leisure activities.
• When is communication effective?


  Effective communication involves active listening, understanding, clarity, empathy, feedback, and appropriate choice of medium and timing.
• What are the two different approaches to understanding communication?

  • Relational Paradigm
  • This approach highlights the significance of relational factors such as trust, empathy, respect, and reciprocity in effective communication.
  • Transactional Paradigm
  • This approach emphasizes the interdependent nature of communication, where all parties involved contribute to and are affected by the communication process.
• Transactional paradigm - Get the sale, at all costs. The focus is on winning this one sale without much thought to the customer's needs or the longer-term.
• Relational paradigm - Having the thought of building relationship.
• codifying refers to the process of encoding or converting thoughts, ideas, feelings, or information into a form that can be transmitted to others.
• decodifying is the process of interpreting or understanding the message that has been transmitted by the sender. It involves extracting meaning from the received information, translating it back into thoughts, ideas, or feelings, and making sense of the message.
• The two social network analysis to describe patterns of connections are: Homophilic Network, and Heterophilic Network.
• Homophilic Network

  • A network of interactions between two or more individuals who are related to each other.
  • This similarity can be based on various characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, interests, beliefs, or social status.
• Heterophilic Network

  • Opposite to homophilic network
  • Individuals that are connected have dissimilarities in some way.
  • This dissimilarity can manifest in different characteristics, backgrounds, interests, or affiliations.
  • For instance, in a heterophilic network, individuals might establish connections with others from different cultural backgrounds or with contrasting viewpoints.
• The power behind language can be understood in two main ways:

  • Language reveals power
  • Language reflects power
• Language reveals power means that the way we use words shows who has control or influence in a situation. For instance, someone who speaks confidently and uses fancy terms might seem more powerful or in charge.
• Language reveals power - The way people use language, including the vocabulary, tone, and style they employ, can reflect their social status, authority, or dominance.
• Language reflects power means that the way we speak is influenced by who has power in society. For instance, certain accents or dialects might be seen as more prestigious, while others are looked down upon.
• Language reflects power - Power imbalances in society can be mirrored in language through linguistic discrimination, stereotypes, and biased language use.