skeletal

• what is an exoskeleton made of?

  chitin
• an exoskeleton cant grow large because it has to molt regularly
• an exoskeleton has full-body protection bc its tough outer layer
• the skeletal system is a framework of bones/tissues to support the body
• an endoskeleton is made of what?

  bones
• endoskeletons can grow large bc our bones grow with us
• but a con to endoskeletons is that they have a soft outer layer of skin and muscle
• how many bones does our axial skeleton have?

  80
• the axial skeleton protects the inner organs
• the axial skeleton is made of bones like the cranium, sternum, vertebrate, ribs, skull
• how many bones is in the appendicular skeleton?

  126
• the appendicular skeleton provides support and flexibility
• appendicular --> support: girdles, flexibility: arms and legs
• long bones support weight and facilitate movement
• some examples of long bones would be phalanges, femurs, tibias, fibulas, ulnas, radiuses
• short bones are cube-shaped and provide stability
• the two examples of short bones are tarsals and carpals
• flat bones protect the inner organs
• the examples of flat bones are the cranium, sternum, ribs, scapulae
• irregular bones protect the inner organs
• examples of irregular bones are sacrum (protects bladder) and vertebrate (protects spinal cord)
• what two types of bones contain bone marrow?

  long and flat
• sesamoid bones reinforce the tendons
• although there are more sesamoid bones, patella would be the example
• this is the cranium

  
• this is the femur

  
• joints are classified by structure - what its made of, and function - range of motion
• the three types of joints are synovial, cartiligious, and fiberous
• synovial joint is made of synovial fluid and a coating of cartilige and it has the most range of motion
• cartiligous joints are made of fully cartilage and they have slight range of motion
• fibrous joints are made fully of fibers and they have no range of motion
• an example of a synovial joint is the shoulder girdle
• an example of a cartiligous joint are the vertebrate
• an example of a fibrous joint is the cranium
• periosteum is a fibrous layer that covers and protects the compact bone
• the compact bone is the dense, hard outer-layer of the bone
• the spongey bone (cancellous tissue) soft inner-layer of bone that's filled with holes containing bone marrow
• bone marrow is the soft bone tissue that makes blood cells
• osteoporosis is the loss of bone tissue
• osteomalacia is the softening of bones due to a lack of vitamin D