C9- Oils and Fuels

• Crude Oil:

  • Finite resource
  • Used in making plastics, construction, etc
  • Mined mostly from under the sea
  • This is because oil is made from dead fish and plankton
  • Black viscous (not runny) in its pure form (useless in its pure form)
  • Has to be made into a hydrocarbon to be useful
• Fractionation:

  1. Heat up crude oil to high temperature in a furnace
  2. Put inside fractionating column which is at different temperatures
  3. Will rise up the fractionating column until it condenses
  4. Bigger hydrocarbon condense at a higher temperature
  5. Component is collected
• Alkanes:

  • Meth -1
  • Eth - 2
  • Prop - 3
  • But - 4
  • Pent - 5
  • Hex - 6
• Combustion:

  Complete Combustion - Enough Oxygen to burn the products fully

  Ethane + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water

  Incomplete Combustion - Not enough oxygen to burn products

  Ethane + Oxygen (not much) -> Carbon monoxide + water + Carbon particles
• Cracking:

  • Will only take place with lots of heat or high pressure
  • Heat up alkene to crack it so it becomes smaller
  • Smaller alkene and alkanes are collected
• To work out number of hydrogens or carbons in alkanes:

  Cn H2N + 2 (However many carbons you have you should times by two and add two which will give you the number of hydrogens)